Nepal kasa ce mai al'ajabi ta al'adu. Mutane daga kabilu daban-daban suna zaune a Nepal tun a tarihi. Wannan ya haifar da bikin bukukuwa daban-daban. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan bukukuwan ana yin su a duk faɗin Nepal, yayin da wasu kuma ana yin su a wasu yankuna na musamman.
Masu taurari suna tsara ranakun yawancin bukukuwan da ke bin kalandar wata. Ana gudanar da bukukuwan da farin ciki sosai, kuma tare da bukukuwa fiye da 50, ana iya kiran Nepal ƙasar bukukuwa.
Wasu daga cikin manyan bukukuwan na Nepal kamar haka:
Dashain:
Dashain shine babban biki a Nepal kuma yana nuna nasarar nagarta akan mugunta. Bikin lokaci ne na haɗuwar iyali, musayar albarka da kyaututtuka, ban da yin pujas masu ban sha'awa.
Yana da bikin ikon mace wanda ke nuna alamar bautar Allah ta Durga a cikin nau'o'inta tara a kowace rana na kwanaki tara na farko na bikin. Bikin kuma yana nuna nasarar Ubangiji Ram akan sarkin aljanu. RavanaTatsuniyoyin Hindu suna ba da labarin nasarar alheri, "Durga," a kan wani aljani mai suna "Mahisasur." Allahiya ta kashe wannan aljani a wani yaƙi da ya ɗauki tsawon kwanaki da yawa.
Ana yin bikin Dashain na tsawon kwanaki 15, tare da kowace rana tana da mahimmancinta. A ranar farko, "Ghatasthapana" a zahiri yana nufin kafa tukunya. Na 10th Ana yin bikin ranar da karɓar Tika (ɗan ja mai launin ja da aka haɗa da yogurt da shinkafa, wanda ya keɓance ga Nepal), Jamara (ƙananan 'ya'yan itacen sha'ir, masara, tsaban shinkafa), da kuma albarka daga dattawa.
Dashain yana faruwa a lokacin kawo wata biyu har zuwa cikakken wata a watan Oktoba.
Tihar:
Tihar biki ne na fitilu kuma ya bambanta da shi domin yana nuna girmamawa ga Allah da dabbobin da suka yi wa mutane hidima da kyau.
Aka fara biki da Yama, allahn mutuwa, da yayarsa, Yamuna. An ce ta aika masa ya ziyarce shi sau da yawa, kuma, a ƙarshe, ta je ganin ɗan'uwanta da kanta. Ta yi masa sujada da tika da furanni, ta zagaya da man mustard da “Dubo” – wata irin ciyawa ce ta roki Yamaraj kada ya je sai mai, “Dubo,” furen ya bushe, don haka kowace ’yar’uwa ta bauta wa dan’uwanta tana fatan tsawon rayuwarsa.
Daga bautar hankaka, karnuka, saniya, da shanu don bautar Yama, Allahn mutuwa, Laxmi, baiwar Allah mai arziki, da albarka ga 'yan'uwansu, Tihar ya nade shi duka a cikin kyakkyawan biki na kwanaki 5. An lura da shi don haskaka gidaje tare da kyandir, fitulun mai, da fitilun lantarki. Yin wasan caroling a cikin nau'in Deusi da Bhailo kuma ana yin su a lokacin Tihar.
Lokacin Tihar ya dogara ne akan sabon wata, wanda zai iya faɗo ko dai a watan Nuwamba ko Oktoba.
Chath:
Chhath Puja wani biki ne da ake yi don bauta wa gunkin rana, Surya, wanda ake bautawa a matsayin ƙarfin rayuwar duniya, da kuma 'yar uwarsa Chhathi Maiya don fatan kare kariya ga 'ya'yansu da kuma tsawon rayuwarsu.
Bikin ya kunshi al'adu da al'adu da ke girmama rana da fatan za a ba shi tsawon rai da lafiya ga kansa da kuma masoyansa. An sami bikin Chhat duka a Ramayana da Mahabharata.
A Ramayana, an ce farkon kafuwar ta Lord Ram da matarsa Sita, wadanda bayan sun dawo daga gudun hijira an ce sun yi azumi don girmama allahn Rana kuma sun karya shi da faduwar rana. Wannan daga baya ya samo asali a cikin Chhat puja. Yayin da yake cikin Mahabharata, an ba ɗan Lord Surya Karna da yin addu'a ga allahn Rana yana tsaye a cikin ruwa da kuma miƙa hadayu ga mabukata.
Ko menene tushen, Chhat yanzu ya haɗa da biki na kwanaki huɗu wanda ya haɗa da wanka mai tsarki, azumi, bauta, da yin hadaya ga rana a fitowar rana da faɗuwar rana. Bikin yakan faɗo wani lokaci a watan Oktoba ko Nuwamba.
Maha Shivaratri:
Maha Shivaratri yana bikin bikin allahntakar Hindu Shiva. Bikin dai na tunawa da shawo kan duhu da jahilci a rayuwa da duniya. An kuma yi imani da ranar inda Shiva ya yi Tandav - raye-rayen cosmic.
Akwai labarai da dama kan asalin bikin. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan labarin ya ce a lokacin Samudra Manthan - kullun tekun madara na sararin samaniya, wani tukunya ya fito daga cikin teku wanda ya ƙunshi guba. Tunanin zai zama ƙarshen duniya, dukan alloli da aljanu sun je wurin Ubangiji Shiva, wanda ya sha kuma ya riƙe shi a cikin makogwaro. Don haka, ranar ita ce ƙarshen Ubangiji Shiva yana ceton duniya.
Ana yin bikin ne ta hanyar tunawa da Ubangiji Shiva da rera addu'o'i, azumi, da tunani. A wannan rana, Haikali na Pashupatinath ya shaida ɗimbin ɗimbin tsattsauran ra'ayi da masu sadaukarwa a wurin don ba da ibadarsu.
Yawanci yana faɗuwa a ƙarshen Fabrairu ko farkon Maris.
Holi:
Holi shine bikin launuka kuma yana nuna nasarar nagarta akan mugunta. Yana murna da bazara, soyayya, da sabuwar rayuwa. An yi bikin ne ta hanyar lalata aljani Holika. Holika na kan kokarinta na kona Yarima Prahlad, mai himma ga Ubangiji Vishnu amma ta kone kanta cikin toka. Yarima bai ji komai ba, sai jama'a suka yayyafa masa ruwa kala-kala domin bikin.
Ana yin bikin Holi tare da sha'awar wasa tare da foda mai launi, ruwa mai launi, da raye-raye na gaba ɗaya tare da rawa da waƙa. Har ila yau, mutane suna sha'awar bhang - cakuda cannabis, madara, da kayan yaji tare da nau'o'in abinci masu shayar da baki, irin su Pakoras - fritter mai yaji, Thandai - abin sha mai dadi tare da tushen madara tare da kayan abinci irin su almonds, saffron, da poppy tsaba don inganta yanayin bikin.
Ana yin bikin ne a ranar cikar wata ta ƙarshe na watan kalandar lunisolar Hindu, wanda yakan faɗo a farkon Maris.
Sabuwar Shekara ta Nepal:
Nepal na bikin sabuwar shekara a wani lokaci daban da sauran duniya. Nepal tana bin tsarin kalanda daban-daban da ake kira Bikram Sambat, shekaru 56.7 kafin kalandar Gregorian ta hasken rana. Asalin Sabuwar Shekarar Nepal ya samo asali ne tun zamanin Sarki Vikramaditya, wanda ya yi amfani da watannin wata da kuma shekarar hasken rana.
A lokacin rana, mutane suna yin mu'amala ta hanyar ziyartar 'yan uwansu da kuma yin taro da abokai. Ana tunawa da shi da fatan samun albarka da wadata mai yawa. Ana kuma gudanar da ayyuka masu daɗi kamar rawa a titi da faretin. Ana kuma gudanar da al'adu kamar bikin Bisket Jatra da Bode Jatra na shekara-shekara a lokacin Sabuwar Shekara. Ana kuma shirya taruka da bukukuwa a otal-otal da gidajen cin abinci, musamman da daddare.
Wannan ya faɗi kusan tsakiyar Afrilu.
Bisket Jatra:
Bisket Jatra biki ne na yankin gundumar Bhaktapur da wasu wurare a Nepal. Ana bikin ne da wani biki na tsawon mako guda wanda ke nuna tsohuwar Sabuwar Shekarar Rana. Sarki Jagajyoti Malla ne ya fara bikin, wanda ya yi sha'awar tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi game da wata kyakkyawar gimbiya da aka la'anta, wanda ya sa mijinta ya mutu washegari. Daga ƙarshe wani jarumi ya 'yantar da ita ta hanyar kashe macizai da suka yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mijin. Labarin ya zaburar da sarkin sosai har ya yanke shawarar sake yin bikin ta hanyar yin bikin Bisket Jatra.
Bikin zai fara ne bayan wani biki na musamman na Tantric a cikin haikalin Bhairav da ke Taumadhi Tole a Bhaktapur. Bikin ya ƙunshi kafa da faɗuwar Lingo, sandar da ke nuna faɗuwar maƙiyin mutum. Akwai kuma jan yaƙi don yanke shawarar tuƙa karusar Ubangiji Bhairav ko dai zuwa sama ko ƙasan birnin.
Ana kuma yin shafa Sindoor (foda mai launin lemu) a lokacin sarrafa karusa tare da waƙa da rawa kamar yadda ake rera waƙoƙin gargajiya a lokacin jerin gwanon. Haka kuma ana gudanar da wani taron huda harshe a tsakanin dangin Shrestha na yankin Bode.
Ana gudanar da bikin ne a farkon sabuwar shekara ta Nepal, wadda ta zo kusan tsakiyar watan Afrilu.
Buddha Jayanti:
Buddha Jayanti shine bikin haihuwar Buddha kuma biki ne na musamman na mabiya addinin Hindu da na Buddha a Nepal. Yana murna da rayuwar Ubangiji Buddha a kowane mataki - haihuwarsa, wayewarsa, da mutuwarsa. An ce an haifi Buddha, ya sami nirvana, kuma ya mutu duka a kan cikakken wata na Baisakh - wata na farko a kalandar Nepali.
Masu ibada sun cika wurin haifuwar Buddha a Lumbini a wannan rana. Ana gudanar da jerin gwano da safe. A cikin rana, abubuwan al'adu suna faruwa. Da dare haikalin Maya Devi - mahaifiyar haihuwar Buddha an yi ado da dubban fitilu. A Kwarin Kathmandu, ana ba da girmamawa ga Buddha a cikin stupas, musamman a Swayambhunath da Boudhanath. Wadannan stupas suna ƙawata da fitilu waɗanda ke sa ido a hankali, musamman da dare. Mabiya da sufaye suna ba da kyandir, furanni, da 'ya'yan itatuwa daban-daban zuwa matsayin Ubangiji Buddha. Ana kuma ƙone turare, wanda ke cika iska da ƙamshi mai daɗi.
Ana lura da shi a watan Mayu.
Janai Purnima:
Janai Purnima biki ne na Hindi da ake yi a duk faɗin Nepal ta hanyar kiyaye al'adun Hindu da al'adu da al'adun Shaman. An fara bikin da farko a matsayin sabuntawa na Janai - zaren da ake sawa a diagonal, daga kafadar hagu zuwa kugu na dama, ana haye kirji ga mazan Brahmin, Kshatriya, da Vaishya caste. An yi imani da cewa Janai yana tsarkake rai kuma yana kare jiki daga mugunta.
Tun daga lokacin an daidaita wannan bikin zuwa bukukuwa daban-daban. Masu ibada kuma suna ɗaure zare mai tsarki a wuyan hannunsu a wannan rana. Ana bikin yankin kudu a matsayin Rakshya Bandhan, bikin murnar alaƙar soyayya da soyayya tsakanin 'yan'uwa maza da mata. Shamans na kwarin Kathmandu da kewayen Nepal suma suna taruwa don yin al'adunsu na da. Mazauna yankin Kathmandu Valley kuma a shirya miyar cakuda wake da ake kira Kwati a matsayin abinci na musamman na ranar.
Yana faruwa a lokacin cikar wata kowane watan Agusta.
Gai Jatra:
Gai Jatra, a zahiri ma'anar bikin saniya, biki ne a kwarin Kathmandu don tunawa da mutuwar 'yan uwa. An fara bikin ne a lokacin da Sarauniyar Malla ta kasance cikin jimamin mutuwar danta. A wani yunkuri na yi mata jaje, sarkin ya bukaci duk dangin da suka rasa masoyinsu da su fito muzahara domin nuna wa sarauniyar cewa ba ita kadai ke fama da wahala ba.
A yayin bikin, ’yan uwa, galibi wadanda suka rasu a shekarar da ta gabata, suna tura mutane, galibinsu yara sanye da tufafin shanu, don yin fareti a kan tituna. Tituna suna rayuwa tare da ɓarna kamar shanu ko Jhankis - masu maganin gargajiya sanye da abin rufe fuska. Rarraba bakin ciki da jin daɗin sanin cewa ƴan uwa da aka rasa suna cikin koshin lafiya shine babban dalilin yin wannan biki. Har ila yau, al'ada ce a karya tattaunawa mai ban dariya, barkwanci, ba'a, har ma da tashi a lokacin Gai Jatra.
Yawanci yana faɗi a cikin Yuli ko Agusta.
Teej:
Bikin Teej shine tunawa da haduwar Shiva da Parvati, ranar da Shiva ya yarda da ita a matsayin matarsa. Biki ne da mata ke neman alfarma ta musamman daga Ubangiji Shiva don samun miji nagari da kuma yi musu addu'a Allah ya ba su tsawon rai da wadata.
Bikin ya kasance lokacin da Parvati, 'yar Sarkin Himalaya, ta yi azumi kuma ta yi rayuwa mai tsanani na shekaru da yawa tana fatan auren Shiva. Don haka, wannan rana ta kasance da mata masu azumi da nuna ibadarsu ta hanyar raye-raye a lokacin zafi, ruwan sama da rashin shan ruwa ko cin abinci duk rana.
Matan aure iyayensu ne ke kiransu da yin buki a wani biki mai suna Dar. Ana iya ganin mata sanye da ja da kore sari a duk faɗin Nepal, musamman; dogayen layukan mata da suke ƙoƙarin yin ibada a haikalin Pashupatinath abin kallo ne na gaskiya. A rana ta uku, mata suna gamsar da tsarkaka bakwai ta hanyar ba su abinci, kuɗi, da sauran hadayu. Wasu suna wanka da jajayen laka suna goge hakora da Datiwan - rassan bishiyar daji suna fatan tsarkake rai da jiki.
Yana faruwa a kusa da Agusta.
Rasa:
Losar biki ne mai mahimmanci ga dukan mabiya addinin Buddah kamar yadda ake yin shi a ko'ina cikin ƙasar. Losar yana nufin sabuwar shekara kuma ana yin bikin a Nepal a cikin nau'i uku: Tamu Losar, Sonam Losar, da Gyalpo Losar. Tamu Lhosar ya faɗi a ƙarshen Disamba ko farkon Janairu. Ana bikin Gyalpo Lhosar a watan Afrilu, yayin da ake bikin Sonam Lhosar a cikin sabon wata na Maris.
Bisa kalandar Gurung, ƙabilar Gurung a Nepal ce ke bikin Tamu Losar, wanda ke nuna farkon Sambat Tamu. Ana shirya abubuwan al'adu, kuma mutane suna sanya kayan gargajiya don halartar waɗannan shirye-shiryen. Har ila yau, a wannan rana, suna halartar bukukuwa da bukukuwa a wuraren ibada na Buddha.
Kabilar Sherpa ce ke bikin Gyalpo Losar kuma ita ce farkon sabuwar shekarar Tibet. Ana tsaftace gidajen, musamman ma kicin, wurin da iyali ke cin abinci. Don bikin Sabuwar Shekara, ana ba da jita-jita daban-daban, irin su Guthunk - nau'in dumpling, miya na musamman wanda ya ƙunshi haɗin nama, cuku mai yak, shinkafa, alkama, da kayan lambu.
Kabilar Tamang ce ke bikin Sonam Losar a farkon sabuwar shekara ta Tamang. A wannan rana, jama'a suna tsaftacewa da ƙawata gidajensu tare da ziyartar gidajen ibada don yin addu'a da rataye tutoci. Wannan rana tana kara rakiyar wasan kwaikwayo na Selo da bukukuwa a cikin gidajen ibada na Buddha da stupas. Ana yin wannan don cin nasara a kan sojojin da ba su da kyau da kuma ba da goyon baya mai kyau.
Indra Jatra:
Indra Jatra ita ce bikin mafi girma na addini a Kathmandu, wanda ke nuna farkon lokacin bikin na kaka na tsawon wata guda. Yana nuna bautar allahntakar Indra, sarkin sama, da Kumari, Allah mai rai.
Sarki Gunakamadeva ya fara bikin ne don tunawa da kafa birnin Kathmandu. An fara bikin ne tare da kafa Linga - sandar sanda daga inda aka gudanar da tutar Indra. Ana yin raye-rayen rufe fuska tare da manyan ganguna don kiɗa a titi kusan kowane maraice. Akwai kuma mallakar Kumari karusai yayin wannan biki.
Wuraren ibada da tsoffin gine-ginen fadar da ke kewayen dandalin Kathmandu Durbar suna cike da lullubin mai a lokacin wannan biki. A gaban haikalin Kumari, akwai kuma wani doka da ke nuna halittu goma na Ubangiji Vishnu na duniya.
Ya fadi a watan Satumba.
Gode Jatra:
Gode Jatra FestivalAn fassara Ghode Jatra a matsayin faretin doki, kuma daidai, bikin ya ƙunshi faretin dawakai a Tundikhel, Kathmandu. An ce Demon Tundi ya dade yana ta'addancin mutane. An kashe shi, kuma mutane sun yi murna da hawan dawakai bisa gawarsa. An yi imani da cewa aljanin har yanzu barazana ce, kuma a kowace shekara, ana bukatar kururuwar kofaton dawakai don a kiyaye ruhinsa.
A wannan rana, manyan hafsoshin soja, manyan jami'an gwamnati, da jami'an diflomasiyya sun zo Tundikhel don shaida wasan tseren dawakai da wasan motsa jiki. An yi imani da cewa dawakai da sauri suna gudu, da sauri ruhun aljani yana rinjayar. Ana nuna wasan doki a cikin jerin zane-zane. Har ila yau, sojojin sun nuna kwarewarsu a matsayin jami'an tsaro tare da jirgin da ke tashi kusa. Sabbin kabilu a kwarin Kathmandu su ma sun yi bikin da liyafa. Suna kuma dauke da hotunan baiwar Allah Bhadrakali da baiwar Allah Kankeshwari a kan kunkuntar titunan Asan daf da daren Ghode Jatra.
Ana lura da shi kowace shekara a tsakiyar Maris ko farkon Afrilu.
A karshe,
Ziyartar Nepal a lokacin bukukuwa ita ce ingantacciyar hanyar samun bayyanar al'adu a Nepal. Idan kuna shirin sanin al'adun Nepal da al'adunmu, ya zama dole ku bincika Nepal yayin waɗannan bukukuwan. Ana yada waɗannan bukukuwa a duk shekara, don haka a cikin dacewa, za ku iya samun damar cin karo da wani yanki na al'adun Nepal.
