Introduction
ʻO ka ʻāina ʻo Everest o Nepal kahi home o nā mea kupanaha loa o ka honua. Mai nā huakaʻi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maʻalahi a hiki i ka piʻi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, hoʻopiha ʻia ka huakaʻi ʻo Everest me nā holo wikiwiki e huki ai i nā mea ʻimi ʻike mai nā wahi a puni ka honua. ʻO ka ʻike ikaika loa a paʻakikī o nā mea a pau, ʻo ia ka ʻO Everest Expedition. ʻO ka piʻi ʻana i ka mauna ʻo Everest, me ke kānalua ʻole, he hōʻailona o ka piʻi ʻana.
ʻO ka Puʻu Everest, e uhi ana i ke awāwa ʻo Khumbu, e koi i nā ala mauna wiliwili ʻia me nā rhododendrons ikaika, stupas pōhaku, a me nā hae pule. ʻO nā ala hehi ʻia maikaʻi e alakaʻi i ka poʻe piʻi a me ka poʻe hele wāwae i luna a hele i ka piko i uhi ʻia i ka hau o ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa o ka honua.
Hoʻonani ʻia me nā huila pule, nā kahu yak, a me nā kūlanakauhale Sherpa mamao, hāʻawi ka Khumbu i ka poʻe piʻi i kahi hiʻohiʻona fluctuated i kāhiko ʻia me nā waiwai kuʻuna. Wehe ʻia e piʻi ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao hema Nepali a me ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Tibet. ʻO ka Everest Expedition kahi ʻike paʻakikī e hoʻopili maoli i ka manaʻo hilahila o ka wikiwiki a me ka ikaika i hāʻawi ʻia e ke awāwa Himalayan.
ʻO Everest Expedition Highlights
- E lawe i ka nani a me ke kūlohelohe o Khumbu.
- E piʻi i ka mauna kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua, he hana i hana ʻia e kahi pūʻulu haʻahaʻa o ka honua.
- E ʻike pololei i ka moʻomeheu Sherpa o ka ʻāina
- E lawe i ka ʻāina Himalayan kuʻuna o ka Sagarmatha National Park, kahi UNESCO World Heritage Site.
ʻO Everest Expedition ma ka ʻaoʻao hema
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hema o Everest, aia ma Nepal, ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao kaulana loa o ka Himalayas no ka poʻe piʻi mauna. E like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia, ua huki ʻo Nepal i nā mea piʻi mai nā wahi a pau o ka honua e holo wikiwiki nei i Khumbu e kiʻi i nā hiʻohiʻona kūʻokoʻa a me nā hiʻohiʻona kupaianaha o ka Everest massif.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana me kahi haʻalele pōkole mai Kathmandu a i Lukla, a ʻo ka huakaʻi i ka puʻu mauna e hoʻopiha ʻia me nā kuʻuna Sherpa a me ka moʻomeheu. ʻO ka hele ʻana mai kekahi kūlanakauhale a i kekahi a me ka hele ʻana ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻāina hānai - ʻaʻole pili wale ka huakaʻi. ka piko o Everest. E pili ana i ka mahalo a me ka lawe ʻana i ka nani Himalayan a me ka maikaʻi o ka moʻomeheu Sherpa i hoʻomau ʻia ma nā mauna no ka manawa lōʻihi.
Ka Huakai o ka Everest Expedition ma ka aoao Hema
ʻO ka ʻike maʻamau o ka piʻi ʻana i ka mauna ʻo Everest mai ka wā i hōʻike ʻia ai ma Kathmandu ma mua o 60 mau lā, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka huakaʻi ma kahi o ʻeiwa mau pule (ʻoi aʻe a emi mai paha). I kēlā me kēia hihia, he mea maikaʻi e hoʻomanaʻo i ka wā o ia hoʻoikaika ʻana, hiki ke ʻano like ʻole ke ea, a hiki i nā kumu like ʻole ke hoʻopilikia i ka piʻi ʻana.
ʻO nā lā 3 a hiki i ka 12 he mau lā huakaʻi, kahi e hele ai ka poʻe piʻi i ke awāwa ʻo Khumbu a me nā puʻu. A mai ia wahi aku, hoʻomaka ka manawa piʻi mai ka kahua hoʻomoana ʻo Everest. Manaʻo ʻia kēia manawa piʻi a hiki i ka 51 a 60 mau lā.
Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka pule hope o ka huakaʻi i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ke kahua hoʻomoana a hoʻi i Kathmandu. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ka poʻe a me ka poʻe piʻi i ka hopena o ka piʻi ʻana a me ka huakaʻi ʻaʻole manaʻo hiki iā lākou ke hoʻi koke i ke ola maʻamau. Pono ke kino i kahi manawa kūpono e hoʻomaha ai a hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou i nā kūlana like ʻole. He mea nui ia e hāʻawi i kou manawa psyche e mālama i nā mea i hana ʻia ma ka hoʻolaha a hoʻolālā no ka ʻoiaʻiʻo maoli. Hiki kēia i ka hapalua mahina a ʻoi aku paha.
Eia ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ka huakaʻi Everest Expedition mai ka hema
ʻO Kathmandu i Everest Base Camp
ʻO ka mākaʻikaʻi kumu o ka huakaʻi ka huakaʻi i ke kahua hoʻomoana. Hoʻomaka ke ala huakaʻi mai Lukla. ʻO ka huakaʻi hele e lawe i ka poʻe piʻi i nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale he nui o ke awāwa ʻo Khumbu ma o ka Sagarmatha National Park. Ke hele nei ma nā wahi e like me ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Namche Bazaar, Tengboche, a me Dingboche, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui, hiki i ka poʻe piʻi ke ʻike i nā hihia he nui kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke mahalo i nā manaʻo piʻi o ka ʻO Everest massif. Hoʻohui ʻia me ka moʻomeheu Sherpa, ua piha ka huakaʻi i kahi hoʻomoana i ka maluhia a me ka maikaʻi kūlohelohe.
EBC i Camp 1
Mai ke kahua hoʻomoana, ʻo ka pae hope aʻe o ka huakaʻi ma Camp 1. ʻO ka maʻamau, hele ka poʻe piʻi i ka Khumbu Icefall e hoʻomākaukau no ka ʻāina kiʻekiʻe o ka mauna. Aia ka Khumbu Icefall ma ka piko o ka Khumbu Glacier a me ka wāwae o ke Komohana Cwm. Hoʻonohonoho maoli ʻia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o 5,486 mika (17,999 ft.). ʻO ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hau ʻo ia paha ke ʻano pilikia loa o ka papa South Col a hiki i ka huakaʻi ʻo Everest. ʻO ka Khumbu Glacier e hoʻopili ana i ka hāʻule hau e neʻe ana ma kahi i manaʻo ʻia he 0.9 a 1.2 m (3 a 4 ft.) ka wikiwiki e iho i ka mauna mau.
Hoʻomoana 1 a i Camp 2
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao aʻe o ka huakaʻi e hōʻea ana i Camp 2. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēia kahua hoʻomoana ma ke komohana cwm o ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka mauna. ʻOki ʻia e nā pali nui ʻaoʻao, ʻo ke komohana cwm he kīʻaha awāwa ākea ākea, ʻoluʻolu ʻoluʻolu e pau ana ma ka wāwae o ka Lhotse Face o ka mauna ʻo Everest. Aia kēia kīʻaha i ke ala i ke komohana Cwm ma luna. Ma kēia ʻāpana, pono ka poʻe piʻi e hele i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau loa, a hiki i ke kumu o Nuptse, i kahi ala kapu i kapa ʻia ʻo ke kihi Nuptse. Mai ia wahi, hiki i ka poʻe piʻi ke ʻike i ke alo o Everest he 2,400 mika (7,900 ft.)—ke kumu nui o ka nānā ʻana i ka piko o Everest mai ka wā i hōʻike ʻia ai ma Base Camp.
Hoʻomoana 2 a i Camp 3
ʻO ka ʻaoʻao komohana ākea o Lhotse ʻike ʻia ʻo ka Lhotse Face. He ʻāpana hiki ʻole ke pale ʻia o ka papa ma ka hikina hikina a hiki i Everest. Noho ʻo Camp III ma luna o kēia piʻi nui o ka hau uliuli anu. Piʻi pololei ka Lhotse Face i 3,700 kapuaʻi mai kona kumu a hiki i luna, e kū ana ma nā pitch 40 a me 50-degere me kekahi mau ʻōhū 80-degere. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka papa holoʻokoʻa me nā kaula, a pono ka poʻe piʻi e komo i ka hoʻomohala cadence o ka huki ʻana a me ka hele ʻana i luna. ʻO ke kiʻi ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu ʻoiai e noho ana ma mua o ka nānā ʻana i ka hau polū paʻa, ʻo ia ka hoʻomohala nui e pono ai no kēia piʻi mau ʻana i ka South Col.
Ma luna aʻe, ke kiaʻi nei ka Pōhaku Melemele i ke alahele. ʻO ka Pōhaku Melemele, he pōhaku one sedimentary, he mea maopopo ʻole o ka Lhotse Face. Pono ka poʻe piʻi ma kahi o 100 mika o ke kaula e hoʻokele ai. ʻO kēia ka pōhaku nui a ka mea piʻi e kamaʻilio i ke ala i Everest. Ua maopopo ke ala i ka hiki ʻana i kēia wahi o ka huakaʻi; paʻa nā ʻōpae o ka mea piʻi i ka pōhaku paʻakikī. ʻO ka lae kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hui melemele ma 25,000 kapuaʻi.
Hoʻomoana 3 a i Camp 4
ʻO ka huakaʻi o kahi hoʻomoana nui, i kapa ʻia ʻo Camp IV, he noho hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka makani ma Everest a me Lhotse, aia ma 26,000 kapuaʻi. ʻO "Col" ka Welsh no ka noho a i ʻole ka hala. Ua kapa ʻia kēia wahi e ka British Reconnaissance Expedition o 1921, i ʻike iā ia mai kahi kūlana kiʻekiʻe ʻehiku mau mile ka mamao. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā hana āpau e like me ke kahua hoʻomoana kiʻekiʻe, ʻo Camp 4 kahi kiʻekiʻe 3000-kapuaʻi i ka piko.
A laila, hōʻea ka poʻe piʻi i ka Hikina Hema ma 27,700 kapuaʻi ma kahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "The Balcony." I kēia pae, hiki i ka poʻe piʻi ke hoʻomaha a hauʻoli i ka mālamalama o ka puka ʻana o ka lā e hoʻomālamalama ana i ka piko ma ka hikina a me ka hema. Mai ʻaneʻi, piʻi ka lihi hau i 1,000 kapuaʻi a i ka Hema Hema a piʻi mālie i ka ʻākau.
Helu 4 a hiki i ka Summit Hema
ʻO ka lanakila liʻiliʻi mua o ka poʻe piʻi o ka lā, ʻo ka South Summit, he poʻo hau a me ka hau ka nui o ka pākaukau ping pong ma 28,700 kapuaʻi. Mai ʻaneʻi, hiki i ka poʻe piʻi ke kiʻi i ka hiʻohiʻona o nā mea keakea hope loa i mua o lākou: ʻO ka Hillary Step, ka Cornice Traverse, a me nā ʻāʻī mua i kahi kiʻekiʻe loa. He mea maʻamau ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻōmole oxygen e loaʻa kahi pahu hou no ka piʻi hope loa a hoʻi i ka Hema Hema.
ʻO ka Cornice Traverse, he 400 kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi o ka ʻāpana pōhaku a me ka hau i ʻoki ʻia e ka makani, ʻo ia ka māhele weliweli loa o ka piʻi ʻana. Pono ka poʻe piʻi e hele makaʻala i kahi lihi o ka hau ma waena o nā pōhaku ʻeke. ʻO kēia ka ʻāpana i uhi ʻole ʻia o ka piʻi holoʻokoʻa, a ʻo ka paheʻe ʻana i ka ʻākau e hoʻouna i kahi mea piʻi e hāʻule ana i lalo o ka Kanshung Face 10,000-kapuai. Pēlā nō, ʻo ka hāʻule ʻana i kekahi ʻaoʻao e hoʻouna i kekahi e lele ana i 8,000 kapuaʻi ma lalo o ka Southwest Face inā ʻaʻole paʻa nā kaula.
Puʻupuʻu Hema a hiki i ka Puʻu Everest
ʻO ka mea i mahalo nui ʻia ma Everest, ʻo ka Hillary Step, ma 28,750 kapuaʻi, he 40 kapuaʻi o ka hau a me ka hau. Piʻi mua i ka makahiki 1953 e ʻO Edmund Hillary a ʻO Tennis Norgay, ʻO ka Hillary Step ka mea keakea hope loa no ka poʻe piʻi e hōʻea i ka culmination kiʻekiʻe i helu ʻia o ka piko Everest. Hele ka poʻe piʻi i kēia manawa ma ke kaula paʻa ma ʻaneʻi e piʻi i ka Hillary Step. Hiki i ka poʻe piʻi ke noʻonoʻo e pili ana iā Sir Hillary lāua ʻo Tenzing i ka piʻi ʻana i kēia mea pale mauna maikaʻi loa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua hana lākou me ka ʻole o nā kaula paʻa a hoʻohana i ka mea i manaʻo ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka ʻenehana piʻi hau.
Ka Nana mai luna mai
E uhi ana i ke ākea, ka nui o ka papaʻaina ma waho, ʻo ka wahi kiʻekiʻe i uhi ʻia i ka hau e hili pono i ka ʻākau, ke komohana hema, a me ka hikina. Hōʻike ka hōʻike 360-degere i ka Tibetan Plateau ma ka ʻākau, a me nā piko Himalaya hiki ʻole ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia o nā hale kiaʻi ʻo Kanchenjunga ma ka hikina, Makalu ma ka hikina hema, a me Cho Oyu ma ke komohana. I ke kakahiaka ʻoluʻolu, ʻike ʻia me he mea lā hiki ke ʻike i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka ʻāina hau.
E iho mai ka mauna Everest a i Base Camp
He 30 mau minuke e iho ai mai ka lae kiekie loa. Mai kēlā manawa, e iho ʻoe i ka overhang i loko o ʻelua mau hola. A laila, ʻo ka iho ʻana i South Col mai ka Balkona he hoʻokahi hola wale nō ka hele ʻana i lalo.
Noho ka hapa nui o ka poʻe piʻi i ka pō ma South Col ma hope o ka piʻi ʻana i ka mauna ʻo Everest. Eia naʻe, iho kekahi mau pūʻulu e hoʻomoana i ʻelua a noho ma laila no ka manawa. No laila, ʻaʻole makemake ka hapa nui o ka poʻe piʻi i ka oxygen hou inā lākou e noho ma kahi hoʻomoana 2.
Ka Papa Paʻakikī o ka Expedition Everest
Aia ka mauna Everest ma ke kiʻekiʻe o 8848.86 m ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Aia ke kahua mokulele ma Lukla ma kahi kiʻekiʻe e like me Kathmandu. Piʻi ka piʻi ʻana he 600-800 mau mika i kēlā me kēia lā, a emi iho ka pae o ka oxygen i kou piʻi ʻana ma ke ala. ʻO ka maʻi mauna ʻino i lawe ʻia e ka ulu ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe hiki ke make inā ʻaʻole mālama maikaʻi ʻia i ka manawa. No laila, ʻo ka loaʻa ʻana o ka acclimatization break i nā manawa i ka wā o ka huakaʻi e kōkua nui iā ʻoe i ka wā o ka huakaʻi.
He lōʻihi ka manawa a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka hoʻolaha ʻo Mount Everest. He nui nā pilikia, e like me ke anuanu kamahaʻo, nā wela haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me nā kūlana piʻi pilikia. Pono ka poʻe piʻi e hoʻololi i ka lōʻihi ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka piko a me ka iho ʻana i hope.
ʻO ka manawa Everest, no ka hapa nui, hoʻomaka i ka hopena o Malaki. Hoʻomaka ia ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka poʻe piʻi ma Everest base camp ma hope o ka hele ʻana i Lukla. I kēlā manawa, hele ka poʻe piʻi i Phakding, Namche, Tengboche, Dingboche, a me Gorakshep ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana i EBC. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo Southern Everest Base Camp (5,300 mika) ka pae hoʻomaka o ka hoʻolaha.
ʻO ka hau a me kāna labyrinth neʻe kekahi ʻāpana o nā mea pale e pono ai ka poʻe piʻi e kū. E hoʻololi ka poʻe piʻi i nā kahua hoʻomoana ma nā ʻano like ʻole o kā lākou huakaʻi. Hoʻoponopono lākou i ka lā 4 a me 5 ma ke kahua hoʻomoana a piʻi nui ma luna o ka nui o Khumbu glacial. Eia kekahi, ma hope o ka hoʻololi ʻana no kekahi mau lā ma laila, neʻe lākou i kahi hoʻomoana 1.
ʻO Mount Everest kekahi o nā wahi paʻakikī loa ma kēia honua. Aia ka mahana ma ka mauna Everest ma lalo o ka hau hau a puni ka makahiki. ʻO ka mahana ma kahi kiʻekiʻe loa o ka mauna i Ianuali he awelika -33° F (-36° C), a hiki ke hāʻule i -76° F (-60° C). ʻO ka awelika o ka wela wela ma Iulai he -2° F (-19° C). Ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maʻalili i ke ahiahi a ʻoi aku ka wela i ka lā. No laila i ka hoʻoilo (Ian a Feb), ʻoi aku ke anuanu o nā lā ma ʻaneʻi ma kahi kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻomākaukau no ka huakaʻi Everest
No ka hōʻea ʻana i ka lae kiʻekiʻe o Everest, pono ʻoe i ke kūlana kino kiʻekiʻe, makemake nui, a me ke kūlana noʻonoʻo maikaʻi. ʻO nā hōʻailona no ka hoʻomākaukau pono ʻana no ka huakaʻi he mau huakaʻi kūleʻa i hala ma mua o 20,000 ft. ma kēlā me kēia manawa i manaʻo ʻia.
ʻO nā huakaʻi kiʻekiʻe ma mua e loaʻa iā ʻoe me ka ʻike i ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā lako a me nā lako, e mālama pono ana i ke anuanu a me ke kiʻekiʻe weliweli. Hoʻokumu pū ʻoe i nā mana cramping ikaika ma luna a ma waho o ka pōhaku, ka hau, a me ka hau, a pehea e hoʻopaʻa ai me kahi pūʻulu, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā piʻi a me nā jumars ma kahi laina paʻa. Ma waho aʻe o nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka hau, a me ka hiki ke piʻi i ka hau, pono ʻoe i ka ikaika nui, ka hoʻomanawanui, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe, a me ka hoʻoheheʻe cardiovascular paʻa.
E hoʻomanaʻo he mākaukau kūpono kāu e manaʻo ʻia e kōkua iā ʻoe i ka wā o ka huakaʻi ʻoiai ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau i nā kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole lawa ka olakino cardiovascular. Pono ʻoe e hana ʻole i ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi kino hana ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa no ka mea he mea nui ia e hōʻoia i ka pale ʻana o kou kino i ka piʻi ʻana o 4,000 ft.
ʻO ka loaʻa kiʻekiʻe e komo pū me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika a me ka hoʻomanawanui e holomua me nā lā e lawe ana i 50-60 lbs. ʻOiai ʻaʻole e hāʻawi ʻia ʻoe i ke kaumaha nui ma Everest, ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i kou kino i kēlā pae kūʻē kiʻekiʻe, e hōʻuluʻulu ʻoe i nā hale kūʻai hou e lawelawe maikaʻi loa iā ʻoe ma ke kuahiwi. Eia hou, e hoʻomaka ʻoe e nalowale i ka ʻiʻo a me ka ʻiʻo me ka momona mai ka noho ʻana i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe no ka manawa lōʻihi.
ʻO Everest Expedition Lako
Aia ka nui o nā lako lako e pono ai no ka neʻe ʻana i ka mauna Everest. I ka wā o ka huakaʻi, e noi mau i kāu alakaʻi no ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana o ka mea a ke kanaka e manaʻo ai e lawe mai. Hiki ke hoʻolimalima ʻia ka nui o nā lako hana ma Nepal a i Tibet paha. Mai ka Ice tomahawks a i nā crampons, he mea koʻikoʻi nā lako no ka huakaʻi no ka piʻi kūleʻa. Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā ʻano hana Carabineer, me nā lole piʻi ʻo Snow-capped. Kōkua nā mea piʻi i ka palekana o ka poʻe piʻi, a ʻo nā mea pale poʻo e mālama i ka palekana i ka wā o ka huakaʻi. ʻO nā pāpale lā, nā pāpale humuhumu, a me nā puʻupuʻu pono pū kekahi.
ʻO nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe e pono ai no ka huakaʻi, ʻo ia hoʻi nā maka maka Ski, nā uhi maka, a me nā pale ihu. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kukui poʻo i ka wā pōʻeleʻele, a ʻo kahi moena holo wāwae -40 me kahi ʻūhā hoʻomaha inflatable a me kahi cushion froth hiki ke hōʻoluʻolu i ka hau hau o ka mauna. ʻO nā kukui, nā ʻeke ʻeke 55-lita, ʻelua ʻeke duffel, a me nā ʻeke hale lole e paʻa i kāu mau mea pono. Eia kekahi, maʻalahi ka huakaʻi i nā ʻeke kānana wai. He mea nui hoʻi nā pale lā, nā kāmaʻa holo, nā kāmaʻa kiʻekiʻe, a me nā kāmaʻa piʻi. ʻO ka hope, e hoʻopaʻa pū ʻoe i nā lole kūpono no kahi huakaʻi piʻi mauna he 60 lā me ka mahana e piʻi ana mai 30 °C a -30 °C.
Panina
Hāʻawi ka mauna ʻo Everest i kahi ʻike piʻi mauna maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka noho ʻana ma ka piko o ka Honua kekahi o nā hālāwai ʻoi loa o ke ola. ʻO ka hoʻoikaika ʻana iā Everest kahi hana e koi ai i kahi ana nui o ka hoʻokō a me ka hōʻoia. Akā, kūpono ka hopena i ka pilikia. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona mai luna a me nā hiʻohiʻona Himalayan ma ka huakaʻi a pau e noho mau i kou manaʻo. Hoʻohui ʻia me ka waiwai moʻomeheu a me nā kuʻuna o ka ʻāina, he huakaʻi maoli kēia o ke ola.
