Introduction
Mu Chihindu, pali mitundu itatu ya Otsatira. Iwo ndi Shaivas, Vaishnavas, ndi Shaktas. Shaiva kwenikweni amalambira Siva, Vaisnava amalambira Vishnu, ndipo Shaktas amalambira Kali kapena Bhagwati. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti Shakta sapembedza Bishnu ndi Shiva. Amapemphera kwa milungu yonse, koma chigogomezero chaperekedwa kwa milungu yawo.
Mulungu wamkazi ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa gulu la Shakta la Ahindu. Amapembedzedwa muzinthu zambiri: monga Durga, Mtetezi ndi wakupha ziwanda, monga Taleju, mulungu woteteza olamulira a Chigwa, komanso monga Kumari, mulungu wamoyo namwali, monga Dakshin Kali, Gorakhkali, ndi Kachisi wa Manakamana monga momwe amafunira, ndi zina zotero. Milungu ina yachikazi, monga Laxmi, Mkazi wamkazi wa chuma, ndi Saraswati, Mkazi wamkazi wa chidziwitso ndi zojambulajambula, zimalambiridwa ku Nepal, ndipo ndi zithunzi zosiyana za Bhagawati.
Momwemonso, Ganesh, wochotsa zopinga komanso gwero lamwayi, Machhendranath, Indra, Hanuman, ndi ena, ndi apadera ku Nepal okha ndipo amakondwerera ndi zikondwerero zapadera zakumaloko, ndipo akachisi amenewo ndi otchuka kwambiri ku Nepal, makamaka m'chigwa cha Kathmandu.
Makachisi Aakulu a Bhagwati ku Nepal amadziwikanso kuti Shakti piths. Olambira amapereka nyama monga bakha, nkhuku, mbuzi, njati, nkhosa, ndi zina zotero, pa chikondwerero cha Bada Dashain komanso Chaitra Dashain.
Kachisi wa Bhagwati ku Nepal ndi:
1. Dakshin Kali Temple:
Kachisi wa Dakshinkali ndi kachisi wachihindu wofunikira ku Nepal. Ili pamtunda wa makilomita 22 kunja kwa Kathmandu, likulu la dziko la Nepal, ndipo idaperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi wachihindu Kali. Kali ndi mawonekedwe amphamvu komanso owopsa a mulungu wamkazi Durga, yemwe amadziwika ndi mphamvu zake komanso kuopsa kwake. Kachisi ndi malo otchuka oyendayenda kwa Ahindu, makamaka Lachiwiri ndi Loweruka, komanso pa chikondwerero cha Dashain. M’kati mwa Dashain, nsembe za nyama zimaperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkaziyo monga mbali ya kulambira kwamwambo. Kachisiyo wazunguliridwa ndi malo okongola achilengedwe, okhala ndi nkhalango ndi zitunda zomwe zimawonjezera kukongola kwake. Odzipereka ambiri amapita kukachisi kukafunafuna madalitso, kupemphera, ndi kuchita miyambo yachipembedzo. Derali limakopanso alendo omwe ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zachikhalidwe ndi zipembedzo za ku Nepal.
2. Kachisi wa Gadhi Mai:
Kachisi wa Gadhimai, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Gadhimai Temple of Bariyarpur, ndi kachisi wachihindu yemwe ali ku Bariyarpur, Bara District, Nepal. Kachisiyu amadziwika kwambiri ndi Phwando la Gadhimai, chochitika chachipembedzo chomwe chimaphatikizapo kupereka nsembe zambiri za nyama. Phwando la Gadhimai lakhala likuchitika zaka zisanu zilizonse pabwalo la kachisi, ndipo zochitika zaposachedwa kwambiri zikuchitika mu 2019. Pa chikondwererochi, odzipereka ochokera ku Nepal ndi mayiko oyandikana nawo amasonkhana kuti alemekeze ndi kukondweretsa mulungu wamkazi Gadhimai, mawonekedwe a mulungu wamkazi wachihindu Durga. Amakhulupirira kuti kupereka nsembe nyama kumabweretsa chitukuko ndi kukwaniritsa zofuna za odzipereka. Chikondwererochi chinakopa chidwi cha mayiko onse ndipo chinayambitsa mkangano waukulu chifukwa cha nsembe zazikulu za nyama zomwe zinkakhudzidwa. Omenyera ufulu wa zinyama, ku Nepal komanso padziko lonse lapansi, adzudzula mwamphamvu mchitidwewu. Ngakhale kuti anthuwa akudzudzula, chikondwererochi chakhala chikuzika mizu kwambiri m’miyambo ya m’deralo ndipo anthu akhala akuchichita kwa zaka zambiri.
3. Kachisi wa Chinnamasta:
Kachisi wa Chinnamasta, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Chinnamastika Temple, ndi kachisi wolemekezeka wachihindu yemwe ali ku Nepal. Amaperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi Chinnamasta, mawonekedwe a tantric a mulungu wamkazi wachihindu Devi. Chinnamasta akuwonetsedwa ngati mulungu wamkazi wodzidula yekha mutu, atagwira mutu wake wodulidwa m'dzanja limodzi ndikunyamula lupanga m'manja mwake. Iye waima pa matupi a Kamadeva, mulungu wa chilakolako, ndi mkazi wake Rati. Kuphiphiritsira kumbuyo kwa fanoli kumayimira kupitirira kwa dziko lakuthupi ndi mphamvu ya kudzimana. Kachisi wa ku Rajrappa akukhulupirira kuti ali pamalo pomwe Chinnamasta adachita kudzimana kwake. Malo ozungulira kachisiyo amaonedwa kuti ndi opatulika, ndi akachisi a Bhairavi ndi Mahavidya omwe ali pafupi. Odzipereka amapita ku Kachisi wa Chinnamasta kufunafuna madalitso, kuchita mapemphero, ndi kupereka puja (kupembedza) kwa mulungu wamkazi. Kachisi amawona kuchuluka kwa anthu odzipereka pazikondwerero monga Navratri, Kali Puja, ndi Durga Puja. Kachisi wa Chinnamasta ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kwa akatswiri a tantric ndi otsatira miyambo ya Shakta, omwe amalemekeza mulungu wamkazi monga chifaniziro cha mphamvu ndi kusintha.
4. Kachisi wa Guheswari:
Guheswari Temple, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti Guhyeshwari Temple, ndi kachisi wolemekezeka wachihindu yemwe ali ku Kathmandu, Nepal. Ndi amodzi mwa malo ofunikira kwambiri a Shakti Peethas (malo opatulika operekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi Shakti) ku Nepal. Kachisiyo amaperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi Guhyeshwari, gawo la mulungu wamkazi Parvati, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi mkazi wa Lord Shiva. Mawu akuti "Guhyeshwari" amatanthauza "mulungu wamkazi wachinsinsi" kapena "mulungu wobisika." Malinga ndi nthano zachihindu, akukhulupirira kuti gawo lina la thupi la Sati Devi (mtundu wa Parvati) linagwa pamalo awa Ambuye Shiva atanyamula mtembo wake paphewa mwachisoni. Kachisi wa Guheswari ali ndi tanthauzo lachipembedzo komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu aku Nepal. Malowa amaonedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa malo opatulika kwambiri ku Kathmandu ndipo amakopa anthu ambiri opembedza, makamaka akazi, amene amabwera kudzafunafuna madalitso a mulungu wamkaziyo. Kachisiyu amakhala ndi kachisi wamkulu, yemwe amakhala ndi fano lopatulika la Guhyeshwari, komanso tikachisi tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timapereka kwa milungu yosiyanasiyana. Mamangidwe a kachisiyu akuwonetsa kalembedwe ka Newari, ndi zithunzi zogoba komanso zokongoletsera zokongola. Pa zikondwerero monga Navaratri ndi Dashain, kachisi amachitira umboni anthu ambiri odzipereka omwe amapereka mapemphero, nyali za mafuta, ndi kuchita miyambo yachipembedzo. Pamadyerero amenewa, anthu amakhala osangalala komanso odzipereka.
5. Kachisi wa Shova Bhagawati:
Ndi kachisi wofunika kwambiri wachihindu yemwe ali ku Kathmandu, Nepal. Imaperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi Shova Bhagwati, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi chiwonetsero cha mulungu wamkazi Durga. Kachisiyu ali pafupi ndi Kathmandu Durbar Square, malo a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Shova Bhagwati amalemekezedwa kwambiri ndi anthu aku Newari ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi mulungu woteteza chigwa cha Kathmandu. Kachisiyo amakhala ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwachipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe ndipo amakopa odzipereka omwe amabwera kudzapemphera ndi kufunafuna madalitso a mulungu wamkaziyo. Amalemekezedwa makamaka pazikondwerero monga Navaratri (mausiku asanu ndi anayi operekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi Durga) ndi Dashain (chikondwerero chachikulu cha Chihindu chokondwerera ku Nepal). Zomangamanga za Kachisi wa Shova Bhagwati zikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a Newari, okhala ndi matabwa odabwitsa komanso zowoneka bwino ngati pagoda. Kachisiyu amaphatikizanso tikachisi tating'ono ta milungu ina.
6. Kachisi wa Naxalbhagawati:
Ndi kachisi wotchuka wachihindu yemwe ali ku Naxal, Kathmandu, Nepal. Amaperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi Bhagwati, mtundu wina wa mulungu wamkazi Durga. Kachisiyu amakhala ndi tanthauzo lachipembedzo kwa anthu amderali ndipo amakopa odzipereka omwe amabwera kudzapemphera ndi kufunafuna madalitso. mulungu wamkazi Bhagwati amalemekezedwa ngati mulungu wamphamvu komanso woteteza. Mamangidwe a kachisiyu amagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha Newari, chomwe chimadziwika ndi zojambula zamatabwa zogoba komanso zomangira zapagoda. Nyumba yakachisiyi imaphatikizaponso tikachisi tating'ono ta milungu yosiyanasiyana. Pa zikondwerero monga Navaratri ndi Dashain, Kachisi wa Naxal Bhagawati amakhala likulu la zochitika zachipembedzo. Anthu odzipereka amapita kukachisi kukachita miyambo, kupemphera, ndi kuchita nawo miyambo yachipembedzo.
7. Kachisi wa Kalikasthan:
Ndi kachisi wotchuka wachihindu yemwe ali ku Kathmandu, Nepal. Ili m'dera la Kalikasthan, lomwe limatchedwa kachisi. Kachisiyu adaperekedwa kwa Lord Shiva, m'modzi mwa milungu yayikulu mu Chihindu. Lord Shiva amawerengedwa kuti ndi wowononga komanso wosintha mkati mwa Utatu Wachihindu. Odzipereka amayendera Kachisi wa Kalikasthan kukapemphera, kuchita miyambo, ndi kufunafuna madalitso kuchokera kwa Ambuye Shiva. Kachisiyu ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa anthu am'deralo komanso oyendayenda omwe amapita kukacheza ndi zinthu zauzimu. Kumapereka malo amtendere kuti odzipereka azichita nawo kusinkhasinkha ndi kulambira. Kapangidwe ka kachisiyu amawonetsa kalembedwe kakale ka Newari kokhala ndi zithunzi zojambulidwa komanso kapangidwe kake. Kachisi wa Kalikasthan amaperekanso malingaliro owoneka bwino a chigwa chozungulira cha Kathmandu, ndikupangitsa kukhala malo okongola. Alendo amatha kusangalala ndi malo osangalatsa komanso amayamikira kukongola kwa chilengedwe.
8. Kachisi wa Maitidevi:
Kachisi wa Maitidevi ndi malo olemekezeka achihindu omwe ali pakatikati pa Kathmandu, Nepal. Amaperekedwa kwa Mkazi wamkazi Sati mu mawonekedwe ake monga Mata Maitidevi, thupi la Amayi Amulungu. Magwero a kachisiyu ali ndi nthano zambiri, zomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi za nthawi ya Mahabharata. Malinga ndi nthano, kachisi amawonetsa malo omwe Maya (mtima) wa mulungu wamkazi Sati adagwa thupi lake litadulidwa. Izi zimayiyika pakati pa amphamvu 51 Shakti Peethas, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale malo ofunikira kupembedza kwa Shakta. Kamangidwe ka kachisiyu ndi kakhalidwe kake, kokhala ndi madenga amitundu yofanana ndi ya pagoda komanso zojambulajambula zogoba bwino za m’chigwa cha Kathmandu. Odzipereka amakhamukira kuno, makamaka pa zikondwerero monga Dashain komanso pa Maitidevi Jatra, kuti akapeze madalitso a mulungu wamkaziyo. Malo ozungulira, omwe amatchedwanso Maitidevi, ndi malo odzaza anthu ambiri omwe amadziwika ndi kachisi wakaleyu. Ndilo likulu lachikhulupiriro, chikhalidwe, ndi dera la anthu okhalamo.
9. Kumari Temple (Mulungu wamkazi):
Kachisi wa Kumari ndi malo apadera komanso opatulika omwe ali ku Durbar Square ku Kathmandu, operekedwa kwa Living Goddess of Nepal. Ndi kwawo kwa Royal Kumari, msungwana wamng'ono yemwe adasankhidwa kuchokera ku gulu la Shakya la Newar Community. Kumari akukhulupirira kuti ndi chotengera chakufa cha mulungu wamkazi wachihindu Taleju Bhawani, chiwonetsero cha mphamvu zaumulungu zachikazi kapena Shakti. Kusankhirako kumakhala kolimba, pomwe wosankhidwayo ayenera kuwonetsa 32 ungwiro wakhalidwe ndikupirira ziyeso zakulimba mtima, monga kukhala bata m'chipinda chokhala ndi 108 njati zoperekedwa nsembe.
Akasankhidwa, amakhala m'kachisi, akungosiya zikondwerero zazikulu zachipembedzo, kumene amamunyamulira m'mwamba. Kachisiyo ndi chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha kamangidwe kameneka ka Newari, kamene kali ndi makonde, mazenera, ndi mabwalo omangidwa m’zaka za m’ma 18. Odzipereka ndi alendo amapita kukamulandira darshan (kupenya kwaumulungu), monga mawonekedwe ake achidule pawindo amaonedwa ngati dalitso lalikulu. Ulamuliro wake umatha ndi kusamba kwake koyamba kapena kutaya magazi kwakukulu, pambuyo pake amabwerera ku moyo wabwino, ndipo Kumari watsopano amasankhidwa. Mwambo umenewu ukuimira kusakanikirana kwakukulu kwa Chihindu ndi Chibuda, chozikidwa mozama mu chikhalidwe ndi ufumu wakale wa Nepal. Kumari akadali chizindikiro champhamvu chaumulungu, miyambo, ndi cholowa chamoyo cha chigwa cha Kathmandu.
10. Taleju Bhawani:
Taleju Bhawani ndi mulungu wamphamvu komanso wolemekezeka yemwe amatumikira monga mulungu wamtundu wa mafumu akale a Malla omwe ankalamulira chigwa cha Kathmandu. Amaonedwa ngati chionetsero choopsa cha Amayi Aumulungu, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi milungu yachihindu ya Durga ndi Parvati. Malinga ndi nthano, poyamba adawonekera kwa mafumu a Malla mu mawonekedwe aumunthu, kuwapatsa uphungu ndi chitetezo kuti akhazikitse maufumu awo. Makachisi opatulika kwambiri a Taleju ali mkati mwa Durbar Squares ku Kathmandu, Patan, ndi Bhaktapur, kuwonetsa kulumikizana kwake mwachindunji ndi mphamvu zachifumu. Kulambira kwake kuli kofunika kwambiri pa zikondwerero zazikulu za ku Nepal monga Dashain, pomwe nthawi zonse nsembe za nyama zimaperekedwa polemekeza iye.
Kusankhidwa kwa Royal Kumari, mulungu wamkazi wamoyo, kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi Taleju, chifukwa Kumari amakhulupirira kuti ndi chombo chake chapadziko lapansi chakanthawi. Kufikira kumalo ake opatulika kunali kokha kwa mafumu ndi ansembe awo Achihindu, kugogomezera udindo wake monga wolamulira waumulungu. Zomangamanga za kachisi wodabwitsa, wamizeremizere woperekedwa kwa iye zikuyimira udindo wake wapamwamba komanso malo okhala kumwamba. Chifukwa chake, Taleju Bhawani samaimira chabe munthu waumulungu koma kugwirizana kwenikweni kwachipembedzo, mafumu, ndi chikhalidwe ku Nepal.
11. Ugratara wa Dadeldhura:
Ugratara wa Dadeldhura ndi kachisi wolemekezeka kwambiri komanso wamphamvu yemwe ali m'chigawo chakumadzulo kwa Nepal. Amaperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi Ugratara, mtundu woopsa wa mulungu wamkazi wachihindu Tara, yemwe dzina lake limamasulira kuti "waukali." Kachisi uyu ndi amodzi mwama Shakti Peethas ofunikira kwambiri ku Nepal, omwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi malo omwe mulungu wamkazi Sati Maya (chinyengo kapena mphamvu yaumulungu) inagwa pansi. Nyumbayi ili pamwamba pa phiri m'tawuni ya Dadeldhura, ndipo ili ndi malingaliro ochititsa chidwi a mapiri ndi zigwa zozungulira. Mulungu, Ugratara, amapembedzedwa ngati mtetezi ndi wopereka zofuna, yemwe amadziwika kuti amayankha mapemphero ochokera pansi pamtima a odzipereka ake.
Chikondwerero chachikulu chapachaka, Ugratara Jatra, chimakoka zikwizikwi za oyendayenda ochokera kudera lonse la Nepal ndi India, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala odzipereka komanso odzipereka. Malo akutali a kachisiyu amawonjezera mbiri yake ya kupatulika ndi kusamvetsetseka, kupangitsa ulendo wachipembedzo kukhala ulendo wauzimu wakuya. Ndilo likulu la chikhulupiriro ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu a m'chigawo cha Sudurpashchim. Malowa akuyimira miyambo yozama ya Shakta ndi mphamvu yosatha ya kupembedza mulungu wamkazi m'chigawo cha Himalaya.
12. Badi Malika:
Ugratara wa Dadeldhura ndi kachisi wolemekezeka kwambiri komanso wamphamvu yemwe ali m'chigawo chakumadzulo kwa Nepal. Amaperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi Ugratara, mtundu woopsa wa mulungu wamkazi wachihindu Tara, yemwe dzina lake limamasulira kuti "waukali." Kachisi uyu ndi amodzi mwama Shakti Peethas ofunikira kwambiri ku Nepal, omwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi malo omwe mulungu wamkazi Sati Maya (chinyengo kapena mphamvu yaumulungu) inagwa pansi. Nyumbayi ili pamwamba pa phiri m'tawuni ya Dadeldhura, ndipo ili ndi malingaliro ochititsa chidwi a mapiri ndi zigwa zozungulira. Mulungu, Ugratara, amapembedzedwa ngati mtetezi ndi wopereka zofuna, yemwe amadziwika kuti amayankha mapemphero ochokera pansi pamtima a odzipereka ake.
Chikondwerero chachikulu chapachaka, Ugratara Jatra, chimakoka zikwizikwi za oyendayenda ochokera kudera lonse la Nepal ndi India, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala odzipereka komanso odzipereka. Malo akutali a kachisiyu amawonjezera mbiri yake ya kupatulika ndi kusamvetsetseka, kupangitsa ulendo wachipembedzo kukhala ulendo wauzimu wakuya. Ndilo likulu la chikhulupiriro ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu a m'chigawo cha Sudurpashchim. Malowa akuyimira miyambo yozama ya Shakta ndi mphamvu yosatha ya kupembedza mulungu wamkazi m'chigawo cha Himalaya.
13. Baglung Kalika:
Baglung Kalika ndi kachisi wolemekezeka woperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi wachihindu Kali, yemwe ali m'chigawo chowoneka bwino cha Baglung kumadzulo kwa Nepal. Ili pamwamba pa phiri lomwe limayang'anizana ndi mitsinje ya Kali Gandaki ndi Dhariyari, ndi malo okongola kwambiri achilengedwe komanso kufunikira kwauzimu. Kachisi ndi imodzi mwa Shakti Peethas wofunikira ku Nepal, komwe mulungu wamkazi amapembedzedwa mu mawonekedwe ake amphamvu komanso oteteza. Malinga ndi nthano ya kumaloko, mfumu ina inapeza fano lodzionetsera la mulungu wamkazi pamalo pomwepa, n’kumatsogolera ku kukhazikitsidwa kwa kachisi. Fano loyambirira ndi mwala wapadera, wachilengedwe swayambhu chithunzi chokongoletsedwa ndi chigoba chagolide, chomwe chikuyimira mawonekedwe ake owopsa koma okoma mtima.
Odzipereka amakhamukira kuno chaka chonse, ndi misonkhano yayikulu imachitika pa zikondwerero za Dashain ndi Chaitra Ashtami, kufunafuna madalitso otetezedwa ndi kukwaniritsa zokhumba. Malo omwe kachisiyu alili amaoneka mwabata komanso malo ozungulira zigwa ndi mitsinje yozungulira, zomwe zimawonjezera chidziwitso chauzimu kwa oyendayenda. Imagwira ntchito ngati malo ofunikira azikhalidwe komanso zipembedzo, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa kwambiri madera a Baglung ndi kupembedza kwa Amayi Amulungu. Ulendo wopita kumalo opatulikawa umatengedwa ngati ulendo wakuthupi komanso njira yopita ku uzimu kwa Ahindu.
14. Gorakh Kali:
Gorakh Kali, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Gorakhnath Kalika, ndi kachisi wolemekezeka yemwe ali m'chigawo cha Gorkha ku Nepal, nyumba ya makolo a Shah Dynasty. Malo opatulikawa amaperekedwa mwapadera ku kulambira kophatikizana kwa mulungu wamkazi Kali ndi wanzeru Gorakhnath, munthu wolemekezeka pamwambo wa Nath Yogi. Chiyambi cha kachisiyu n’chogwirizana kwambiri ndi cholowa cha Mfumu Ram Shah, mfumu yotchuka ya m’zaka za m’ma 17 yodziwika ndi ulamuliro wake wolungama, yemwe anali wotsatira kwambiri wa milungu iwiri yonseyi. Amakhulupirira kuti mulungu wamkazi Kali mwiniyo adawonekera pano kuti ateteze ufumu ndi kudalitsa mzera wachifumu. Kachisiyo amakhala ndi tiakachisi awiri akuluakulu: imodzi ya fano loopsa, la miyala yakuda ya Gorakh Kali ndi lina la Gorakhnath, lomwe likuwonetsera umulungu wawo.
Malowa ndi ofunika kwambiri m'mbiri chifukwa anali malo ofunikira auzimu a mafumu a Gorkha, omwe mbadwa zawo, monga Mfumu Prithvi Narayan Shah, pambuyo pake anagwirizanitsa Nepal. Odzipereka amapita kukafunafuna chitetezo cha mulungu wamkazi ndi madalitso a sage, makamaka pa zikondwerero za Dashain ndi Ram Navami. Kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa miyambo ya Shakta ndi Nath patsamba lino kumapangitsa kukhala malo ofunikira a machitidwe a Tantric ndi maulendo oyendayenda. Chotero, Gorakh Kali akuima monga umboni wamphamvu wa kusakanikirana kwa mbiri yachifumu, mphamvu zauzimu, ndi kugwirizana kwachipembedzo ku Nepal.
15. Tripurasundari ya Dhading:
Kachisi wa Tripurasundari ku Dhading ndi Shakti Peetha wolemekezeka wodzipereka kwa mulungu wamkazi Tripurasundari, mawonekedwe okongola komanso okoma mtima a Amayi Aumulungu. Nyumbayi ili pamwamba pa phiri m'mudzi wa Khare, ndipo ili ndi malingaliro ochititsa chidwi a mapiri ndi zigwa zozungulira. Amakhulupirira kuti ndi amodzi mwa malo omwe Maya (chinyengo kapena mphamvu yaumulungu) ya mulungu wamkazi Sati adagwa pansi, ndikulemba ngati malo amphamvu zauzimu. Malo akutali ndi abata a kachisiyo amafunikira kuyenda kwakukulu, kupangitsa ulendo wachipembedzowo kukhala chiyeso cha kudzipereka ndi ulendo wa kukongola kwachilengedwe.
Fano loyambirira ndi lopatulika, lodziwonetsera (swayambhu) mwala wokongoletsedwa ndi chigoba chagolide, woimira kukongola konyezimira kwa mulungu wamkaziyo. Odzipereka amachezera kufunafuna madalitso a kulemera, chidziwitso, ndi kumasulidwa ku zovuta zadziko, kukhulupirira mulungu wamkazi kukhala wokwaniritsa zokhumba. Chikondwerero chachikulu chapachaka, Tripurasundari Jatra, chimakoka masauzande amwendamnjira omwe amachita nawo miyambo ndi zikondwerero. Kachisiyu si malo achipembedzo chabe koma ndi malo ofunikira a chikhalidwe ndi cholowa cha anthu ammudzi. Aura yake yamphamvu komanso mawonekedwe odabwitsa amapangitsa kukhala mwala wapangodya wa miyambo ya ku Nepal ya Shakta komanso mwala wobisika kwa ofunafuna zauzimu.
16. Tripurasundari ya Dolkha:
Kachisi wa Tripurasundari ku Dolakha ndi amodzi mwa Shakti Peethas wolemekezeka komanso wofunikira ku Nepal, woperekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi mu mawonekedwe ake monga "Kukongola kwa Maiko Atatu." Nyumbayi ili m'tawuni yodziwika bwino ya Dolakha, kum'maŵa kwa Kathmandu, ndipo kachisiyu ndi wodziwika bwino chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso amphamvu.swayambhu) mulungu. Fano loyambirira ndi kasupe wachilengedwe, wamadzi ofunda omwe amachokera ku mwala wopatulika shivalinga, chokongoletsedwa ndi chigoba chagolide cha mulungu wamkaziyo. Chochitika chachilengedwechi chimaonedwa kuti ndi chiwonetsero chachindunji cha mphamvu zaumulungu, ndi kutentha kwa madzi ndi kutuluka kwake amakhulupirira kuti zimasonyeza maganizo a mulungu wamkazi ndi ndale za dziko. Magwero a kachisiyu ali ndi nthano zambiri, ndipo nkhani ina imagwirizanitsa ndi mulungu wamkazi Sati ndipo ina ndi woyera wakale Gorakhnath, yemwe akuti adakhazikitsa mulunguyo.
Ndilofunika kwambiri m'mbiri, monga momwe adafunsidwa ndi Mfumu Prithvi Narayan Shah panthawi yake yogwirizanitsa Nepal. Odzipereka amakhamukira kuno kufunafuna madalitso otetezedwa, thanzi, ndi kukwaniritsa zofuna, makamaka pa zikondwerero zazikulu monga Dashain ndi wapadera. Jatra unachitika zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zilizonse. Tsambali likuyimira kusakanikirana kwakukulu kwa zodabwitsa zachilengedwe, miyambo yakuya ya Tantric, ndi mbiri ya dziko. Momwemonso, Tripurasundari ya ku Dolakha imayima ngati mzati wa chikhulupiriro cha Nepali, chikhalidwe, ndi mphamvu zauzimu.
17. Palanchowk Bhagawati Temple:
Palanchowk Bhagawati Temple ndi malo olemekezeka komanso akale operekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi Bhagawati, chiwonetsero chowopsa cha Amayi Amulungu, omwe ali m'chigawo cha Kavrepalanchok ku Nepal. Kachisiyo ali pamwamba pa phiri lokongola kwambiri, ndipo ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha fano lake losema ndi miyala yakuda ya mulungu wamkaziyo, yemwe amaonedwa kuti ndi chosemedwa chaluso cha anthu a ku Nepal. Chiboliboli chatsatanetsatane chodabwitsachi chikuwonetsa Mahishasura Mardini, mawonekedwe a mulungu wamkazi akupha chiwanda cha njati, Mahishasura, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti ndi cha m'ma 7. Kachisi ndi amodzi mwa Shakti Peethas ofunikira ku Nepal, kukopa anthu masauzande ambiri, makamaka pa zikondwerero za Dashain ndi Chaitra Ashtami.
Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mulungu wamkazi pano ndi wokwaniritsa zokhumba zamphamvu, makamaka kwa awo amene akufuna chipambano, chitetezero, ndi chipambano m’zoyesayesa zawo. Malo abata ndi okwezeka a malowa amapereka malo abata kuti azipembedza ndi kusinkhasinkha, zomwe zimawonjezera chidwi chake chauzimu. Kufunika kwake m'mbiri ndi luso, kuphatikizapo kufunika kwake kwachipembedzo, kumapangitsa kuti likhale chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri cha chikhalidwe. Motero, Palanchowk Bhagawati ndi umboni wozama wa cholowa cholemera cha Nepal cha kulambira mulungu wamkazi ndi zojambulajambula.
18. Manakamana Temple:
Kachisi wa Manakamana ndi amodzi mwa malo olemekezeka komanso otchuka ku Nepal, operekedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi wachihindu Bhagwati, mulungu wokwaniritsa zokhumba zake. Ili pamwamba pa phiri lodziwika bwino m'boma la Gorkha, amakhulupirira kuti mulungu wamkazi amapereka zofuna zake (mana) ya onse amene amamulambira ndi mtima woyera. Magwero a kachisiyu akugwirizana ndi Mfumukazi ya Mfumu Ram Shah ya m’zaka za m’ma 17, yemwe ankakhulupirira kuti anali munthu wa mulungu wamkaziyo. Malinga ndi nthano, pambuyo pa imfa ya mfumu, mfumukazi inachita sati, ndipo pambuyo pake mlimi wina anapeza mwala wopatulika pamalopo, umene unakhala chinthu cholambiridwa. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ulendo wopita kukachisi unali wovuta wa tsiku lonse, kulimbitsa kudzipereka kwa oyendayenda.
Masiku ano, Manakamana Cable Car imapereka mayendedwe opatsa chidwi komanso osavuta kupita kukachisi, ndikuwonjezera kupezeka kwake. Odzipereka nthawi zambiri amapereka nsembe zanyama, makamaka nkhunda ndi mbuzi, kwa mulungu wamkazi monga mbali ya lumbiro lawo kuti alandire madalitso ake. Kachisi amakhala wodzaza nthawi zonse, makamaka Loweruka, komanso pamadyerero akuluakulu ngati Dashain. Imayima ngati chizindikiro champhamvu cha chikhulupiriro, cholumikizidwa kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe ndi mbiri ya dera la Gorkha. Ulendo wopita ku Manakamana ukadali ulendo wozama wauzimu kwa anthu ambiri aku Nepal ndi amwenye omwe akufunafuna chisomo cha mulungu wamkazi.
Kutsiliza:
Ukonde wa akachisi a Bhagwati kudutsa Nepal umapanga mtima wosangalatsa, wosangalatsa wa miyambo ya mtundu wa Shakta, yomwe imayimira kupembedza kwa Amayi Amulungu monga mphamvu yayikulu. Ngakhale kuti kachisi aliyense ali ndi nthano yakeyake, mawonekedwe aumulungu, ndi chikhalidwe cha kumaloko, iwo onse pamodzi amaimira mfundo yaumulungu yogwirizana: mulungu wamkazi (Shakti) monga mphamvu yogwira ntchito, yoteteza, ndi yolenga ya chilengedwe chonse. Akachisi awa, kuphatikizapo otchuka monga Palanchowk, Manakamana, ndi Shobha Bhagwati, nthawi zambiri amakhala pamwamba pa mapiri kapena m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, kusonyeza udindo wawo monga malo auzimu omwe amayang'anira dziko ndi anthu ake. Mutu wapakati womwe umawagwirizanitsa ndiwodziwika kuti ndi Shakti Peethas, malo opatulika olumikizidwa ndi nthano ya Sati, pomwe mbali za thupi lake lophwanyidwa zidagwa, ndikulowetsa malo ndi mphamvu zake zaumulungu. Izi zimakhazikitsa Nepal yokha ngati malo opatulika, gulu la mulungu wamkazi. Ntchito yayikulu ya akachisiwa ndikukhala ngati njira yolowera mwachindunji kwa odzipereka kuti apeze chisomo cha mulungu wamkazi, nthawi zambiri pamadalitso owoneka ngati chitetezo, chigonjetso, thanzi, ndi kukwaniritsa zofuna zinazake.
Kuphatikiza apo, akachisi a Bhagwati amalumikizana kwambiri ndi mbiri yandale ku Nepal, makamaka kampeni yolumikizana ya Prithvi Narayan Shah, yemwe adafunafuna ndikulandira madalitso kuchokera kwa milungu monga Gorakhkali ndi Dolakha's Tripurasundari, kuvomereza ulamuliro wake ndikumanga mulungu wamkazi ngati mtetezi wa boma. Miyambo yochitidwa, kuchokera ku zopereka zosavuta kupita ku nsembe zanyama zophiphiritsira pa nthawi ya Dashain, sizongopempha chabe koma machitidwe osamalira chilengedwe, omwe amakhulupirira kuti amabwezeretsa kukhazikika ndi dongosolo. Mwakumanga, amaonetsa matabwa okongola kwambiri a Newari ndi masitayelo a pagoda, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala malo olambirira komanso osamalira cholowa chaluso. Zikondwerero zapachaka ndi maulendo opita ku malowa ndi injini zamphamvu zopititsira patsogolo chikhalidwe, kulimbikitsa kudziwika kwa anthu, mgwirizano wamagulu, ndi kufalitsa miyambo ku mibadwomibadwo. Kwenikweni, akachisi a Bhagwati ndi ochuluka kwambiri kuposa akachisi; iwo amapanga mgwirizano wokhazikika komanso wokhazikika wa chikhulupiriro. Amasonyeza chikhalidwe chamoyo, chopuma cha Chihindu ku Nepal, kumene nthano zakale, mbiri yachifumu, nzeru zakuya, ndi kudzipereka kwa tsiku ndi tsiku zimaphatikizana. Pamapeto pake, amaima monga umboni wokhalitsa wa chikhulupiriro chakuti Amayi Aumulungu, mwa mitundu yake yonse, amayang'anira Nepal mwakhama, kuumba tsogolo lake ndikudalitsa anthu ake.
