Chiyambi cha Mount Everest ndi Kami Rita Sherpa's Zopambana
Phiri la Everest, lomwe komweko limadziwika kuti Sagarmatha ku Nepal ndi Chomolungma ku Tibet, ndilokwera kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pamtunda wa 8,848 metres (29,029 feet) pamwamba pa nyanja. Kwa ambiri oyenda komanso okwera phiri, kukwera Everest ndichinthu chopambana kwambiri, chomwe chimaphatikiza zovuta zakuthupi ndi zamaganizidwe zomwe zimayesa kupirira kwamunthu. Pakati pa anthu osankhika okwera mapiri omwe adakwera nsonga yochititsa chidwiyi, Kami Rita Sherpa ndi wodziwika bwino ndi mbiri yake yopambana maulendo 30 kuyambira Meyi 2024. Adabadwa pa Januware 2, 1970, m'mudzi wa Thame, Solukhumbu, Nepal, Kami Rita ali ndi mbiri zosayerekezeka zomwe adakwaniritsa pamapiri ake otalikirapo.
Kami Rita Sherpa: Wokwera Wodziwika
Kami Rita Sherpa anayamba ntchito yake yokwera mapiri mu 1992, poyamba ankagwira ntchito yothandizira paulendo wa Everest. Kwa zaka zambiri, chilakolako chake chokwera mapiri chinakula, ndipo anakulitsa luso lake kuti akhale mtsogoleri wamkulu m'mabungwe otchuka monga Seven Summit Treks ndi 14 Peaks Expedition. Ulendo wake wopita pamwamba pa dziko lapansi sunangokhala wokhudza kukwaniritsa zolinga zake zokha komanso wotsogolera ndi kulimbikitsa ena ambiri. Kuwonjezera pa kukwera kwake kwakukulu kwa Mount Everest, Kami Rita wakweranso mapiri ena ovuta monga K2, Cho Oyu, Lhotse, ndi Manaslu , kusonyeza kusinthasintha kwake komanso luso lake pa kukwera mapiri okwera kwambiri.
Msonkhano wa Everest
Mbiri ndi Kufunika
Kukwera koyamba kopambana kwa Mount Everest kunapezedwa ndi Sir Edmund Hillary wa ku New Zealand ndi Tenzing Norgay Sherpa wa ku Nepal pa May 29, 1953. Chochitika cha mbiriyakalechi chinasonyeza chochitika chofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya kufufuza ndipo chinatsegula chitseko cha maulendo amtsogolo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anthu masauzande ambiri okwera mapiri ochokera padziko lonse lapansi ayesa kukafika pamwamba pa phirili, ndipo anapambana mosiyanasiyana. Chikoka choyimirira pamwamba pa dziko lapansi chikupitilirabe kukopa okwera ngakhale kuti pali zoopsa komanso zovuta.
Njira Yokwera
Kukwera phiri la Everest kumaphatikizapo njira ziwiri zazikulu: Southeast Ridge kuchokera ku Nepal ndi Northeast Ridge kuchokera ku Tibet. Southeast Ridge ndiye njira yotchuka komanso yofikirika, kuyambira ku Everest Base Camp (EBC) ku Nepal. Ulendo wopita kumsonkhanowu uli ndi magawo angapo ofunika:
- Base Camp (5,364 metres): Okwera amazolowera ndikukonzekera kukwera.
- Khumbu Icefall: Gawo lowopsa losuntha midadada ya ayezi ndi ming'alu.
- Camp I (6,065 metres): Ili ku Western Cwm, chigwa cha glacial.
- Camp II (mamita 6,400): Ili m'munsi mwa Lhotse Face.
- Camp III (mamita 7,470): Pakatikati pa Nkhope ya Lhotse.
- Camp IV (mamita 7,920): Ali ku South Col, msasa womaliza msonkhano usanachitike.
- Summit (mamita 8,848): Cholinga chachikulu, chomwe chinafikiridwa pambuyo poyenda pa Hillary Step ndi South Summit.
Everest Base Camp Trek
Mwachidule
Ulendo wa Everest Base Camp Trek ndi umodzi mwa misewu yotchuka kwambiri yoyendera ku Himalaya, zomwe zimapatsa anthu oyenda ulendo mwayi wowona kukongola kwakukulu kwa derali popanda kuyesa kukwera pamwamba pa phirilo. Ulendowu umatengera anthu oyenda ulendo m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira m'nkhalango zobiriwira mpaka m'malo okwera kwambiri, ndipo umapereka mawonekedwe okongola a mapiri ena apamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Njira Yoyenda
Ulendo wapamtunda wa Everest Base Camp Trek nthawi zambiri umayamba ndi ndege kuchokera ku Kathmandu kupita ku Lukla, tauni yaing'ono yamapiri yomwe ili ndi msewu waufupi komanso wovuta kwambiri. Kuchokera ku Lukla, apaulendo ayamba ulendo wamasiku ambiri womwe umaphatikizapo magawo otsatirawa:
- Lukla to Phakding (2,610 metres): Kuyamba ulendo wodekha, kutenga pafupifupi maola 3-4.
- Phakding to Namche Bazaar (3,440 m): Kukwera kotsetsereka kudutsa m'nkhalango za pine komanso m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Dudh Koshi, kutenga pafupifupi maola 6-7.
- Acclimatization ku Namche Bazaar: Tsiku lopumula kuti muzolowere mtunda, ndi kukwera maulendo opita kumalo apafupi.
- Namche Bazaar to Tengboche (3,860 m): Ulendo wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi mawonedwe a Everest ndi Ama Dablam, utenga pafupifupi maola 5-6.
- Tengboche to Dingboche (4,410 metres): Kudutsa m'nkhalango za rhododendron ndikuwoloka milatho yoyimitsidwa, kutenga pafupifupi maola 5-6.
- Acclimatization ku Dingboche: Tsiku lina lopumula lokhala ndi zosankha zakuyenda mozolowera.
- Dingboche to Lobuche (4,940 metres): Tsiku lovuta likudutsa zikumbutso za okwera omwe adawonongeka pa Everest, kutenga pafupifupi maola 5-6.
- Lobuche kupita ku Gorak Shep (mamita 5,164) ndi Everest Base Camp (mamita 5,364): Kukankhira komaliza ku EBC, kutenga pafupifupi maola 7-8 ulendo wobwerera.
Zomwe Zachitika Posachedwa ndi Zovuta
Kusintha kwa Nyengo ndi Kukhudza Kwachilengedwe
Phiri la Everest ndi madera ozungulira akukumana ndi mavuto aakulu azachilengedwe chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Kusungunuka kwa madzi oundana, kusintha kwa nyengo, komanso kutentha kwambiri kwapangitsa kuti kukwera phirili kukhale kosayembekezereka komanso koopsa. Mafunde a Khumbu Icefall, makamaka, akhala osakhazikika kwambiri, zomwe zikuwonjezera chiopsezo kwa okwera phirili.
Tourism ndi Sustainability
Kutchuka kwa kuyesa kwa msonkhano wa Everest komanso ulendo wa Base Camp kwadzetsa nkhawa za kuchulukana komanso kukhazikika. M'nyengo yokwera kwambiri, misewu imatha kukhala yodzaza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale magalimoto owopsa, makamaka "dera lakufa" pamwamba pa 8,000 metres. Kuyesetsa kumayang'anira kuchuluka kwa zilolezo zomwe zaperekedwa komanso kulimbikitsa machitidwe owongolera oyenda kuti achepetse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Zotsogola Zatekinoloje ndi Chitetezo
Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo pa zida ndi kulumikizana kwathandiza kuti okwera mapiri ndi oyenda paulendo atukuke. Zovala zopepuka, zowoneka bwino komanso zida zothandizira anthu okwera mapiri kupirira mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri. Mafoni a satellite ndi zida za GPS zimatsimikizira kulumikizana bwino ndi kutsata, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zopulumutsa pakagwa mwadzidzidzi.
Kutsiliza
Zomwe Kami Rita Sherpa adachita zimatsimikizira mzimu wokhalitsa waumunthu komanso kufunafuna kosalekeza kwakuchita bwino kwambiri pakukwera mapiri okwera. Maulendo ake 30 okwera a Mount Everest amangowonetsa kudzipereka kwake komanso luso lake komanso miyambo yolemera ya okwera Sherpa omwe akhala msana wa maulendo a Himalayan kwa zaka zambiri. Pamene tikukondwerera zomwe takwaniritsazi, ndikofunikiranso kuthana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe komanso zokhazikika zomwe zikukumana ndi derali kuti zitsimikizire kuti mibadwo yamtsogolo ipitilize kukumana ndi kukongola kochititsa chidwi kwa Mount Everest ndi Himalaya.
