intshayelelo
INepal, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeFederal Democratic Republic of Nepal, lilizwe elivaliweyo phakathi kwabamelwane ababini abakhulu, iChina emantla kunye neIndiya emazantsi, empuma nasentshona. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo bejografi, iNepal idume kwihlabathi liphela ngeendawo zayo ezimangalisayo, iyantlukwano yenkcubeko, ngakumbi iintaba zayo ezintle zeHimalaya. Eli lizwe linabela ukusuka kumathafa athe tyaba eTerai asemazantsi ukuya kutsho kwiincopho eziphakamileyo zeHimalaya emantla, linikela iinguqulelo ezimangalisayo zemozulu, ijografi, neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. INepal idla ngokubizwa ngokuba “liLizwe leeHimalaya” kuba ilikhaya leentaba ezisibhozo kwezili-14 eziphakamileyo ehlabathini, zonke zingaphezu kweemitha ezisisi-8 000 (26,246 ft).
Ijewel yesithsaba saseNepal yiMount Everest, eyaziwa ekuhlaleni njengeSagarmatha eNepali kunye neChomolungma eTibetan, emi kwi-8,848.86 yeemitha (29,031.7 ft), iyenza ibe yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo emhlabeni. I-Everest itsala abakhweli, abakhweli, kunye nabakhenkethi abavela kwihlabathi liphela, bebonisa umngeni kunye noloyiso. Ngaphandle kwe-Everest, ezinye iincochoyi ezidumileyo ziquka iKanchenjunga (8,586 m), eyeyesithathu intaba ephakamileyo ehlabathini; eLhotse (8,516 m); Makalu (8,485 m); Cho Oyu (8,188 m); I-Dhaulagiri (i-8,167 m); iManaslu (8,163 m); kunye ne-Annapurna I (8,091 m). Nganye kwezi ntaba inebali layo, inkcubeko kunye nembali yokunyuka iintaba.
IiHimalaya azipheleli nje ekuphakameni kwazo; zikwangcwele nakubantu baseNepal. Uninzi lweencopho zigqalwa zingcwele yaye zinxulunyaniswa nezithixo kubuHindu nobuBhuda. Ngokomzekelo, iMachhapuchhre, okanye “iNtaba yeFishtail,” kufuphi nePokhara, kukholelwa ukuba ingcwele kwiNkosi uShiva yaye ayihlali iphakame ngenxa yokuhlonela ukubaluleka kwayo ngokomoya. Ngokufanayo, iMount Kailash, nangona ubuchwephesha baseTibet, inonxibelelwano olunzulu lwenkcubeko kunye nokomoya nabantu baseNepalese.
Imimandla yeentaba yaseNepal ikwangumthombo wemilambo emikhulu efana neKoshi, Gandaki, kunye neKarnali, egcina ubomi kunye nezolimo emathafeni. IiHimalaya zifak’ isandla kubutyebi bezityalo nezilwanyana zelo lizwe, zigcina izilwanyana ezinqabileyo njengengwe yekhephu, i-panda ebomvu, nentaka yelizwe laseNepal iHimalayan monal. Ukuphakama okuhlukahlukeneyo—ukususela kwiimitha ezingama-60 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kwiTerai ukuya kweyona ncopho iphakamileyo ehlabathini kumantla—kudala inkqubo ekhethekileyo yendalo kwindawo encinane ngokwentelekiso.
Ngokwenkcubeko, iintaba zilikhaya lezizwe ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngeeSherpas, iGurungs, iiTamangs, kunye neMagars, eziqhelane nendlela yokuphila ekwindawo ephezulu. I-Sherpas, ngakumbi, idume kwihlabathi jikelele ngezakhono zabo ezimangalisayo zokunyuka intaba kunye negalelo kwiihambo ze-Himalayan. Olu luntu lugcina izithethe ezikhethekileyo, iminyhadala, kunye nezenzo ezityebisa inkcubeko yaseNepal.
Ukhenketho eNepal ubukhulu becala luqhutywa ziintaba zalo. Imihambo efana ne-Everest Base Camp Trek, iSekethe yase-Annapurna, iLangtang Valley Trek, kunye neSekethe yaseManaslu itsala amawaka abakhweli nyaka ngamnye. Iintaba azinikeli nje ithuba lokuzihlaziya kodwa zikwabonelela nangokuzola, kunye neendawo ezintle zomhlaba, izindlu zoonongendi zakudala, kunye neelali ezintle ezisecaleni kwendlela. Ukukhwela intaba eNepal kulithuba kunye nomngeni, njengoko abakhweli bejongene nemozulu embi, i-avalanche, kunye nokugula okuphakamileyo ngelixa beqhuba amaphupha abo.
Ngokwezoqoqosho, iiHimalaya zibalulekile eNepal. Ukhenketho lwasentabeni lubonelela ngemisebenzi kubakhenkethisi, abathwali bempahla, abanini beehotele, nenkitha yabemi basekuhlaleni, nto leyo enegalelo elikhulu kuqoqosho lwelizwe. Iiprojekthi zombane wamanzi kwimilambo yeentaba nazo zibonelela ngamandla ophuhliso. Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho lwemozulu luye lwavela njengesoyikiso esibi kakhulu, esibangela ukuba i-glaciers inyibilike, idala izikhukhula ze-glacial lake (GLOFs), kunye nokuguqula ubomi boluntu lweentaba.
Ngaphandle kwe-adventure kunye noqoqosho, iintaba zinentsingiselo engokomfuziselo kubantu baseNepalese. Bamele ukomelela, umoya kunye nekratshi. Babonwa njengabagcini besizwe, babonelela ngobuhle bendalo kwaye batsala ingqalelo yehlabathi. IMount Everest, ngokukodwa, iye yaba luphawu lwesazisi seNepal emhlabeni.
Enyanisweni, iNepal neentaba zayo azinakwahlulwa. IiHimalaya eziphakamileyo zibumba inkcubeko yelizwe, uqoqosho, okusingqongileyo, kunye nokuqondwa kwehlabathi. Batsala abantu abafuna umngeni, abahambi ngezonqulo abafuna ubumoya, nabahambi abafuna ubuhle. Phezu kwako nje ukwenziwa kwale mihla, iintaba zihlala zikho—zithe cwaka, zinobungangamsha, namangqina angunaphakade ohambo lwaseNepal kwimbali.
Ekwindla (Septemba-Novemba) kunye nentwasahlobo (ngoMatshi-Meyi) ngawona Nyaka afanelekileyo eNepal ukutyelela. Uya kubuliswa ngesibhakabhaka esicacileyo kunye nempepho epholileyo ngala maxesha onyaka. Iindlela zokuhamba zomile ubukhulu becala ngaphandle kwamathontsi ambalwa angalindelekanga. Kukho namathuba ambalwa okulibaziseka kwenqwelomoya kunye nokurhoxiswa, ukuze ukonwabele ixesha lakho eNepal ngaphandle kokukhathazeka. Nangona kunjalo, la ngamaxesha aphakamileyo abakhenkethi, ke, uya kudibana netrafikhi eninzi, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphambili zabakhenkethi.
Ukuhamba ebusika kwiindawo eziphakamileyo akukhuthazwa ngenxa yengozi yokuqhekeka kwekhephu kunye nesifo sokuphakama. Nangona abanye banokuyonwabela ukubona iintaba ezigqunywe likhephu njengoko befika apho baya khona. Imvula (ngoMeyi-Agasti) yenye yezona zihlandlo zimbi zokuhamba ngenxa yemvula enkulu, ukurhoxiswa rhoqo kweenqwelo-moya, kunye neendlela zokuhamba ezityibilikayo, ezisebenza njengengozi yokuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, ungahamba uye kwiindawo ezinomthunzi wemvula ezifana ne- Upper Dolpo, i-Lower Dolpo, kunye ne-Upper Mustang (lo-Manthang) ngexesha lemvula.
Yintoni iTrekking?
Ukuhamba ngeenyawo luhlobo lohambo olunomdla lokuhamba ngeenyawo, ngesiqhelo kangangeentsuku ezininzi, kwiindawo zemvelo ezifana neentaba, amahlathi, iintlambo, kunye neelali zasemaphandleni. Ngokungafaniyo nokuhamba ngeenyawo okulula, okuhlala kungumsebenzi omfutshane wosuku olunye, ukuhamba ngeenyawo kubandakanya iindlela ezinde, iindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukuhlala ubusuku bonke, kunye nokuntywiliselwa nzulu kwinkcubeko nakwindalo. Yenye yezona zinto zidumileyo zangaphandle eNepal nakwezinye iindawo zeentaba zehlabathi.
Nantsi ingcaciso enzulu yokuhambahamba:
1. Intsingiselo yokuThamba
Igama elithi ukuhamba ngeenyawo lidla ngokubhekisa kuhambo lweentsuku ezininzi lokuhamba ngeenyawo kwiindawo apho uthutho lwanamhlanje lungafumaneki lula khona.
Ayikokuhamba nje kuphela kodwa kwakhona malunga namava okusingqongileyo kwendawo, imihlaba, kunye neendlela zokuphila endleleni.
Abahambi ngetrekker badla ngokudlula kwiilali, amahlathi, imilambo, kunye neendlela eziphakamileyo ngelixa besonwabela iimbono ezintle zeentaba.
2. Umahluko phakathi kokuThamba nokuHamba
Ukuhamba ngeenyawo kudla ngokuba luhambo olufutshane nolulula (iiyure ezimbalwa okanye usuku olunye) kwiindlela eziphawulwe kakuhle.
Kwelinye icala, ukuhamba ngeenyawo kunzima ngakumbi, kuthatha iintsuku okanye iiveki ezininzi, kwaye kudla ngokuquka iindlela ezirhabaxa, ezikude, neziphakamileyo.
3. Injongo yokuThamba
Uhambo: Ukuhlola iindawo ezikude nezasendle.
Indalo: Ukunandipha iintaba, imilambo, amahlathi kunye nezilwanyana zasendle.
Inkcubeko: Ukudibana nabantu basekuhlaleni, ukufunda ngamasiko abo, kunye namava obomi basemaphandleni.
Impilo Nokuqina Komzimba: Ukuhamba ngeenyawo kukuzilolonga okugqwesileyo komzimba, okuphucula amandla nokunyamezela.
Uxolo Lomoya Nengqondo: Abantu abaninzi abahamba ngeenyawo bafumana umoya wokuzola nowokuqaphela izinto kwindalo.
4. Kubandakanya ntoni ukuThamba
Iindlela Zokuhamba Ngeenyawo: Ngokwesiqhelo iiyure ezi-4–8 zokuhamba ngeenyawo ngosuku kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neendlela ezinamatye, amahlathi, kunye nokunyuka okuphakamileyo.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ukulala ebusuku kwiindawo zokutyela, kwiindawo zokulala, okanye kwiintente, kuxhomekeke kwindawo yokuhamba ngeenyawo.
Ukutya: Ukutya kwasekuhlaleni, okuhlala kulula kodwa okunesondlo, kuyafumaneka ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Izikhokelo kunye nabathwali bemithwalo: Kwiindawo ezifana neNepal, izikhokelo ezingoochwephesha zikhokela abahamba ngeenyawo, kwaye abathwali bemithwalo banceda ekuthwaleni imithwalo enzima.
Ukuphakama: Iindlela ezininzi zokuhamba ziya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, ngamanye amaxesha zingaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-5,000 (16,400 ft), apho abakhenkethi kufuneka baqhele ukuze baphephe ukuguliswa kukuphakama.
5. Iintlobo zokuThamba
Ukuhamba ngeenyawo kwiTi House: Ukuhlala kwiindawo zokuhlala ezincinci/iindlu zeendwendwe ecaleni kwendlela (exhaphakileyo eNepal).
Ukuhamba ngeenyawo ekhempini: Ukuhamba ngeenyawo neentente, abapheki, kunye nezixhobo ezipheleleyo zokukhempisha kwiindawo ezikude.
Ukuhambahamba eHomestay: Ukuhlala ezindlwini zasekuhlaleni ukuze ufumane amava obomi basezilalini bokwenyani.
Ukuhamba ngeenyawo ngendlela yohambo: Ukuhamba ngeenyawo ngobuchwephesha obuninzi okubandakanya izinto zokunyuka intaba.
6. Ukuhamba ngeenyawo eNepal (ngokomzekelo)
INepal yenye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zokutyela ezintabeni kwihlabathi liphela, ineendlela ezifana ne -Everest Base Camp, i-Annapurna Circuit, iLangtang Valley, kunye neManaslu Circuit.
Ukuhamba apha kudibanisa iimbono ze-Himalaya ezinomtsalane kunye neendibano ezityebileyo zenkcubeko, njengoko iindlela zihlala zidlula kwiilali zaseSherpa, eGurung, eTamang, kunye nolunye uhlanga.
AbaTrekker ababoni nje iincochoyi ezigqunywe likhephu kodwa kunye neendawo zoonongendi, iitempile, iifama, kunye neendlela zokuphila zesiNtu.
7. Imingeni yokuHamba
Ukugula kwindawo ephakamileyo.
Iimfuno zomzimba , kuba ukuhamba ngeenyawo kufuna impilo entle kunye nokunyamezela.
Utshintsho lwemozulu , olunokwenza iindlela zibe tyibilizi okanye zibe nzima.
Izibonelelo ezinqongopheleyo kwiindawo ezikude.
8. Iinzuzo zokuHamba
Iphucula impilo yomzimba (amandla, amandla, ukomelela kwentliziyo).
Inika ukuphumla kwengqondo kunye nokukhululeka kuxinzelelo.
Inika ukuqonda inkcubeko kunye nonxibelelwano nabantu basekuhlaleni.
Idala iinkumbulo zobomi bonke ngemibono yendalo emangalisayo.
Ikhuthaza umoya wokuzonwabisa kunye nokukhula komntu.
Amagqabantshintshi oNyaka:
1. Intlakohlaza:
Ixesha leNtwasahlobo liqala ngoMatshi ukuya kuMeyi eNepal. Iqondo lobushushu limalunga ne-22℃ +- kunye neemvula ezincinci ebusuku kunye nesibhakabhaka esicacileyo kusasa. Eli lixesha leentyatyambo ezintsha kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zeentyatyambo.
Ungonwabela imisebenzi yokuzonwabisa efana neParagliding , iBungee, iRafting , iTrekking ngexesha lemozulu yasentwasahlobo, kwaye uhambo lohambo lelona xesha lilungileyo. Imibala eyahlukeneyo yeentyatyambo zeRhododendron iqhakaza ngobuhle obumangalisayo kwindawo ephakamileyo yeenduli iya kukushiya unomdla. Ikwayenye yexesha elikhulu labakhenkethi eNepal. Eli likwalixesha lokuqala kweminyhadala eNepal.
2. Ihlobo:
Ihlobo liqala ngoJuni ukuya kuAgasti eNepal, kwaye ubushushu bungama-30℃ +-. Lixesha lemvula enkulu eNepal, yaye ubukhulu becala ilixesha lokulima umbona nerayisi.
Amasimi epaddy yeyona nto inomtsalane ngeli xesha lonyaka. I-Ashad 15 lusuku lokulinywa kwerayisi eNepal, enemibono emangalisayo yeenduli ezichumileyo neziluhlaza, iingxangxasi ezinkulu, ezihlanjwe ngamanzi emvula, ziyathomalalisa ukujonga.
3. Ekwindla:
Ukwindla kuqala ngoSeptemba ukuya kuNovemba ngamaqondo obushushu aqala ku 10℃ ukuya ku 25℃ +-. Lixesha elimnandi lokubhiyozela iminyhadala emikhulu yamaHindu, iDashain kunye neTihar (uMnyhadala wokuKhanya).
Ngexesha lasekwindla lixesha lokuvuna i-paddy, kwaye indalo ivuthwa ngombala otyheli. Ukwindla lelona xesha lilungileyo emva kokuba imvula yemonsoon ihlambe yonke into eyingqongileyo. Ungonwabela i-panoramic, iimbono ezicacileyo zeentaba ngeli xesha. Lixesha lokuhamba ngeenyawo eNepal, apho isibhakabhaka sicacile kwaye siluhlaza, kwaye imozulu ilungele zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi.
4. Ubusika:
Inkwenkwezi yasebusika ebandayo ukusuka kuDisemba ukuya kuFebruwari eNepal, kwaye ubushushu buwela ngaphantsi kwe-0℃. Lixesha lembalela neentaba ezibharhileyo. I-Midwinter inika umbono ocacileyo weentaba ezigqunywe likhephu ezigqunywe likhephu elimhlophe lijongeka ngendlela emangalisayo. Kodwa iqondo lobushushu kwindawo ephakamileyo liphantsi kakhulu yaye iindwendwe ezimbalwa, kwanabanye abantu basentabeni, beza kumgangatho ophantsi welizwe.
INepal ikwabizwa ngokuba lilizwe lemibhiyozo engayekiyo. Ukuba uceba ukutyelela iNepal ngexesha leKrisimesi kaDisemba, ungacwangcisa uhambo oluya kwintlambo yaseKathmandu, ngokuyintloko eThamel, okanye ePokhara (ecaleni kwechibi). Okanye, ungenza uhambo olufutshane olufana nohambo lwaselalini iGhandruk , uhambo lwaseGhorepani (Poonhill), uhambo lwaseNamche Bazaar (Syngboche). Okanye uhambo olufutshane nolulula olufana nohambo lwaseChisapani Nagarkot , olujikeleze iKathmandu Valley. Ngaphandle koko, ukuba unokunyamezela ukubanda kakhulu, iintaba zaseNepal zihlala zikubiza.
