intshayelelo
INepal, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengeFederal Democratic Republic of Nepal, lilizwe elivaliweyo phakathi kwabamelwane ababini abakhulu, iChina emantla kunye neIndiya emazantsi, empuma nasentshona. Ngaphandle kobukhulu bayo bejografi, iNepal idume kwihlabathi liphela ngeendawo zayo ezimangalisayo, iyantlukwano yenkcubeko, ngakumbi iintaba zayo ezintle zeHimalaya. Eli lizwe linabela ukusuka kumathafa athe tyaba eTerai asemazantsi ukuya kutsho kwiincopho eziphakamileyo zeHimalaya emantla, linikela iinguqulelo ezimangalisayo zemozulu, ijografi, neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo. INepal idla ngokubizwa ngokuba “liLizwe leeHimalaya” kuba ilikhaya leentaba ezisibhozo kwezili-14 eziphakamileyo ehlabathini, zonke zingaphezu kweemitha ezisisi-8 000 (26,246 ft).
Ijewel yesithsaba saseNepal yiMount Everest, eyaziwa ekuhlaleni njengeSagarmatha eNepali kunye neChomolungma eTibetan, emi kwi-8,848.86 yeemitha (29,031.7 ft), iyenza ibe yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo emhlabeni. I-Everest itsala abakhweli, abakhweli, kunye nabakhenkethi abavela kwihlabathi liphela, bebonisa umngeni kunye noloyiso. Ngaphandle kwe-Everest, ezinye iincochoyi ezidumileyo ziquka iKanchenjunga (8,586 m), eyeyesithathu intaba ephakamileyo ehlabathini; eLhotse (8,516 m); Makalu (8,485 m); Cho Oyu (8,188 m); I-Dhaulagiri (i-8,167 m); iManaslu (8,163 m); kunye ne-Annapurna I (8,091 m). Nganye kwezi ntaba inebali layo, inkcubeko kunye nembali yokunyuka iintaba.
IiHimalaya azipheleli nje ekuphakameni kwazo; zikwangcwele nakubantu baseNepal. Uninzi lweencopho zigqalwa zingcwele yaye zinxulunyaniswa nezithixo kubuHindu nobuBhuda. Ngokomzekelo, iMachhapuchhre, okanye “iNtaba yeFishtail,” kufuphi nePokhara, kukholelwa ukuba ingcwele kwiNkosi uShiva yaye ayihlali iphakame ngenxa yokuhlonela ukubaluleka kwayo ngokomoya. Ngokufanayo, iMount Kailash, nangona ubuchwephesha baseTibet, inonxibelelwano olunzulu lwenkcubeko kunye nokomoya nabantu baseNepalese.
Imimandla yeentaba yaseNepal ikwangumthombo wemilambo emikhulu efana neKoshi, Gandaki, kunye neKarnali, egcina ubomi kunye nezolimo emathafeni. IiHimalaya zifak’ isandla kubutyebi bezityalo nezilwanyana zelo lizwe, zigcina izilwanyana ezinqabileyo njengengwe yekhephu, i-panda ebomvu, nentaka yelizwe laseNepal iHimalayan monal. Ukuphakama okuhlukahlukeneyo—ukususela kwiimitha ezingama-60 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kwiTerai ukuya kweyona ncopho iphakamileyo ehlabathini kumantla—kudala inkqubo ekhethekileyo yendalo kwindawo encinane ngokwentelekiso.
Ngokwenkcubeko, iintaba zilikhaya lezizwe ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngeeSherpas, iGurungs, iiTamangs, kunye neMagars, eziqhelane nendlela yokuphila ekwindawo ephezulu. I-Sherpas, ngakumbi, idume kwihlabathi jikelele ngezakhono zabo ezimangalisayo zokunyuka intaba kunye negalelo kwiihambo ze-Himalayan. Olu luntu lugcina izithethe ezikhethekileyo, iminyhadala, kunye nezenzo ezityebisa inkcubeko yaseNepal.
Ukhenketho eNepal ubukhulu becala luqhutywa ziintaba zalo. Imihambo efana ne-Everest Base Camp Trek, iSekethe yase-Annapurna, iLangtang Valley Trek, kunye neSekethe yaseManaslu itsala amawaka abakhweli nyaka ngamnye. Iintaba azinikeli nje ithuba lokuzihlaziya kodwa zikwabonelela nangokuzola, kunye neendawo ezintle zomhlaba, izindlu zoonongendi zakudala, kunye neelali ezintle ezisecaleni kwendlela. Ukukhwela intaba eNepal kulithuba kunye nomngeni, njengoko abakhweli bejongene nemozulu embi, i-avalanche, kunye nokugula okuphakamileyo ngelixa beqhuba amaphupha abo.
Ngokwezoqoqosho, iiHimalaya zibalulekile eNepal. Ukhenketho lwasentabeni lubonelela ngemisebenzi kubakhenkethisi, abathwali bempahla, abanini beehotele, nenkitha yabemi basekuhlaleni, nto leyo enegalelo elikhulu kuqoqosho lwelizwe. Iiprojekthi zombane wamanzi kwimilambo yeentaba nazo zibonelela ngamandla ophuhliso. Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho lwemozulu luye lwavela njengesoyikiso esibi kakhulu, esibangela ukuba i-glaciers inyibilike, idala izikhukhula ze-glacial lake (GLOFs), kunye nokuguqula ubomi boluntu lweentaba.
Ngaphandle kwe-adventure kunye noqoqosho, iintaba zinentsingiselo engokomfuziselo kubantu baseNepalese. Bamele ukomelela, umoya kunye nekratshi. Babonwa njengabagcini besizwe, babonelela ngobuhle bendalo kwaye batsala ingqalelo yehlabathi. IMount Everest, ngokukodwa, iye yaba luphawu lwesazisi seNepal emhlabeni.
Enyanisweni, iNepal neentaba zayo azinakwahlulwa. IiHimalaya eziphakamileyo zibumba inkcubeko yelizwe, uqoqosho, okusingqongileyo, kunye nokuqondwa kwehlabathi. Batsala abantu abafuna umngeni, abahambi ngezonqulo abafuna ubumoya, nabahambi abafuna ubuhle. Phezu kwako nje ukwenziwa kwale mihla, iintaba zihlala zikho—zithe cwaka, zinobungangamsha, namangqina angunaphakade ohambo lwaseNepal kwimbali.
Ekwindla (Septemba-Novemba) kunye nentwasahlobo (ngoMatshi-Meyi) ngawona Nyaka afanelekileyo eNepal ukutyelela. Uya kubuliswa ngesibhakabhaka esicacileyo kunye nempepho epholileyo ngala maxesha onyaka. Iindlela zokuhamba zomile ubukhulu becala ngaphandle kwamathontsi ambalwa angalindelekanga. Kukho namathuba ambalwa okulibaziseka kwenqwelomoya kunye nokurhoxiswa, ukuze ukonwabele ixesha lakho eNepal ngaphandle kokukhathazeka. Nangona kunjalo, la ngamaxesha aphakamileyo abakhenkethi, ke, uya kudibana netrafikhi eninzi, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphambili zabakhenkethi.
Uhambo lwasebusika kwiindawo eziphakamileyo alucetyiswa ngenxa yengozi ye ama-avalanche kunye nesifo sobude. Nangona abanye besenokukonwabela ukuzibona iintaba ezigqunywe likhephu njengoko befika apho besiya khona. IMonsoon (ngoMeyi-Agasti) lelinye lawona maxesha amabi kakhulu wokuhamba ngeenyawo ngenxa yemvula enkulu, ukurhoxiswa rhoqo kweenqwelomoya, kunye neendlela ezimtyibilizi, ezisebenza njengengozi yokuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, unokuhamba uhambo ukuya kwiindawo ezinomthunzi wemvula Upper Dolpo, I-Dolpo ephantsi, kunye Upper Mustang (lo-Manthang) ngexesha lemonsoon.
Yintoni iTrekking?
Ukuhamba luhlobo lwe uhambo olumnandi lokuhamba yenziwa ngeenyawo, ngesiqhelo kangangeentsuku ezininzi, ngokusebenzisa umhlaba wendalo onje ngeentaba, amahlathi, iintlambo, kunye neelali zasemaphandleni. Ngokungafaniyo nokunyuka intaba, okudla ngokuba ngumsebenzi omfutshane wosuku olunye, uhambo lubandakanya iindlela ezinde, iindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukuhlala ubusuku bonke, kunye nokuntywiliselwa nzulu kwinkcubeko nakwindalo. Ngomnye weyona misebenzi idumileyo yangaphandle eNepal nakweminye imimandla yeentaba zehlabathi.
Nantsi ingcaciso enzulu yokuhambahamba:
1. Intsingiselo yokuThamba
Ilizwi ukuhamba ibhekisa ngokubanzi ku uhambo lweentsuku ezininzi zokuhamba kwiindawo apho izithuthi zanamhlanje zingafumaneki lula.
Ayikokuhamba nje kuphela kodwa kwakhona malunga namava okusingqongileyo kwendawo, imihlaba, kunye neendlela zokuphila endleleni.
Abahambi ngetrekker badla ngokudlula kwiilali, amahlathi, imilambo, kunye neendlela eziphakamileyo ngelixa besonwabela iimbono ezintle zeentaba.
2. Umahluko phakathi kokuThamba nokuHamba
Ukuhamba idla ngokuba luhambo olufutshane, olulula (iiyure ezimbalwa okanye usuku olunye) kwiindlela eziphawulwe kakuhle.
Trekking, kwelinye icala, inzima kakhulu, ihlala iintsuku eziliqela okanye iiveki, kwaye isoloko ibandakanya iindlela ezirhabaxa, ezikude, neziphakamileyo.
3. Injongo yokuThamba
Ukhenketho: Ukujonga iindawo ezikude kunye nezisendle.
Uhlobo: Ukufumana iintaba, imilambo, amahlathi kunye nezilwanyana zasendle.
I nkcubeko: Ukudibana nabantu basekuhlaleni, funda ngezithethe zabo, kwaye ube namava obomi basemaphandleni.
Impilo & Nokufaneleka: I-Trekking ngumthambo obalaseleyo womzimba, ukuphucula amandla kunye nokunyamezela.
Uxolo loMoya kunye neNgqondo: Abakhenkethi abaninzi bafumana imvakalelo yokuzola kunye nengqondo kwindalo.
4. Kubandakanya ntoni ukuThamba
Iindlela zokuhamba: Ngokuqhelekileyo iiyure ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-8 zokuhamba ngosuku kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neendlela ezinamatye, amahlathi, kunye nokunyuka okunyukayo.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ubusuku buhlala ngaphakathi iiti, iindawo zokulala, okanye iintente, kuxhomekeke kummandla wokuhamba.
Ukutya: Ukutya kwasekuhlaleni, ngokuqhelekileyo kulula kodwa kunezondlo, kubonelelwa endleleni.
AbaKhokeli kunye nabaPhathi: Kwiindawo ezinje ngeNepal, abakhokheli abaziingcali bakhokela abakhweli, kwaye abathwali bempahla bancedisa ukuthwala imithwalo enzima.
Ukuphakama: Uhambo oluninzi luya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo, ngamanye amaxesha ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-5,000 (16,400 ft), apho abakhweli kufuneka baziqhelanise nokunqanda ukugula kobude.
5. Iintlobo zokuThamba
Ukuhamba ngeTea House: Ukuhlala kwiindawo zokulala ezincinci/kwizindlu zeendwendwe ecaleni kwendlela (eqhelekileyo eNepal).
Ukuhamba ngeCamping: Ukuhamba ngeentente, abapheki, kunye nezixhobo ezipheleleyo zokumisa inkampu kwiindawo ezikude.
Ukuhamba ngeKhaya: Ukuhlala kwizindlu zasekhaya ukuze ufumane ubomi belali obuyinyani.
Indlela yoPhulo lokuThamba: Uhambo olungakumbi lobugcisa olubandakanya izinto zokunyuka intaba.
6. Ukuhamba ngeenyawo eNepal (ngokomzekelo)
INepal yenye yezona ndawo zihamba phambili emhlabeni, ezineendlela ezinje I-Everest Base Camp, iSekethe yase-Annapurna, i-Langtang Valley, kunye neSekethe yaseManaslu.
Ukuhamba apha kudibanisa iimbono ze-Himalaya ezinomtsalane kunye neendibano ezityebileyo zenkcubeko, njengoko iindlela zihlala zidlula kwiilali zaseSherpa, eGurung, eTamang, kunye nolunye uhlanga.
AbaTrekker ababoni nje iincochoyi ezigqunywe likhephu kodwa kunye neendawo zoonongendi, iitempile, iifama, kunye neendlela zokuphila zesiNtu.
7. Imingeni yokuHamba
Isigulo sobude kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
Imfuno zomzimba, ekubeni uhambo lufuna ukomelela nokunyamezela.
Umozulu utshintsha, enokwenza iindledlana zibe mtyibilizi okanye zibe nzima.
Izibonelelo ezilinganiselweyo kwiindawo ezikude.
8. Iinzuzo zokuHamba
Phucula impilo yomzimba (amandla, amandla, ukuqina kwentliziyo).
Unika ukuphumla kwengqondo kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
Ivula ukuqonda ngokwenkcubeko kunye nokunxibelelana nabantu basekhaya.
Uyila iinkumbulo zobomi bonke ngemibono yendalo emangalisayo.
Inkuthazo umoya wokuzonwabisa kunye nokukhula komntu.
Amagqabantshintshi oNyaka:
1. Intlakohlaza:
Ixesha leNtwasahlobo liqala ngoMatshi ukuya kuMeyi eNepal. Iqondo lobushushu limalunga ne-22℃ +- kunye neemvula ezincinci ebusuku kunye nesibhakabhaka esicacileyo kusasa. Eli lixesha leentyatyambo ezintsha kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zeentyatyambo.
Ungonwabela imisebenzi ye-adventure efana Iparagliding, iBunge, Rafting, Ukuhamba ngemozulu yasentwasahlobo, kunye nohambo lelona xesha lilungileyo. Imibala eyahlukeneyo yeentyatyambo ze-Rhododendron ziqhakaza ngobuhle obumnandi kwindawo ephezulu yeenduli ziya kukushiya unqabile. Kwakhona lelinye lawona maxesha okhenketho amakhulu eNepal. Oku kukwasisiqalo seminyhadala eNepal.
2. Ihlobo:
Ihlobo liqala ngoJuni ukuya kuAgasti eNepal, kwaye ubushushu bungama-30℃ +-. Lixesha lemvula enkulu eNepal, yaye ubukhulu becala ilixesha lokulima umbona nerayisi.
Amasimi epaddy yeyona nto inomtsalane ngeli xesha lonyaka. I-Ashad 15 lusuku lokulinywa kwerayisi eNepal, enemibono emangalisayo yeenduli ezichumileyo neziluhlaza, iingxangxasi ezinkulu, ezihlanjwe ngamanzi emvula, ziyathomalalisa ukujonga.
3. Ekwindla:
Ukwindla kuqala ngoSeptemba ukuya kuNovemba ngamaqondo obushushu aqala ku 10℃ ukuya ku 25℃ +-. Lixesha elimnandi lokubhiyozela iminyhadala emikhulu yamaHindu, iDashain kunye neTihar (uMnyhadala wokuKhanya).
Ngexesha lasekwindla lixesha lokuvuna i-paddy, kwaye indalo ivuthwa ngombala otyheli. Ukwindla lelona xesha lilungileyo emva kokuba imvula yemonsoon ihlambe yonke into eyingqongileyo. Ungonwabela i-panoramic, iimbono ezicacileyo zeentaba ngeli xesha. Lixesha lokuhamba ngeenyawo eNepal, apho isibhakabhaka sicacile kwaye siluhlaza, kwaye imozulu ilungele zonke iintlobo zemisebenzi.
4. Ubusika:
Inkwenkwezi yasebusika ebandayo ukusuka kuDisemba ukuya kuFebruwari eNepal, kwaye ubushushu buwela ngaphantsi kwe-0℃. Lixesha lembalela neentaba ezibharhileyo. I-Midwinter inika umbono ocacileyo weentaba ezigqunywe likhephu ezigqunywe likhephu elimhlophe lijongeka ngendlela emangalisayo. Kodwa iqondo lobushushu kwindawo ephakamileyo liphantsi kakhulu yaye iindwendwe ezimbalwa, kwanabanye abantu basentabeni, beza kumgangatho ophantsi welizwe.
INepal ikwabizwa ngokuba lilizwe lomnyhadala ongayekiyo. Ukuba uceba ukutyelela iNepal ngexesha leKrisimesi kaDisemba ngoko unokucwangcisa ukhenketho kwintlambo yaseKathmandu, ngokusisiseko eThamel, okanye ePokhara (esecaleni kwechibi). Okanye, ungenza ukhenketho olufutshane njenge Uhambo lwelali yaseGhandruk, i Ghorepani (Poonhill) trek, Namche Bazaar (Syngboche) Trek. Okanye, uhambo olufutshane nolulula njengohambo lwaseChisapani Nagarkot, malunga neKathmandu Valley. Ngaphandle koko, ukuba unokunyamezela ukubanda okukhulu, iintaba zaseNepal zihlala zikubiza.
