intshayelelo
Ummandla we-Everest eNepal likhaya lezona ziganeko zimangalisayo ehlabathini. Ukusuka kwiihambo ezilula zomphakamo ophantsi ukuya kwindawo efuna ukunyuka okuphakamileyo, uhambo lwe-Everest lulayishwe ngokubaleka okumangalisayo okutsala abakhangeli abanamava abavela kuyo yonke indawo kwihlabathi jikelele. Awona mava anika amandla kwaye acela umngeni kuwo onke, nangona kunjalo, yi Everest Expedition. Ukunyuka iMount Everest, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, luphawu lokunyuka okufezekisiweyo.
Incochoyi ye-Everest, enomthunzi phezu kwentlambo yeKhumbu, ibopheleleka kwiindledlana zentaba ezijikajikayo ezizele ziirhododendrons ezidlamkileyo, iistupa zamatye, kunye neeflegi zomthandazo ezihexayo. Iindledlana ezinyathelwe kakuhle ziqhubela abakhweli nabakhweli benyuka benyuka besiya kwincopho egqunywe likhephu yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo yehlabathi.
Ihonjiswe ngamavili omthandazo, abalusi beyak, kunye needolophu ezikude zaseSherpa, iKhumbu inika abakhweli umbono oguquguqukayo ohonjiswe bubutyebi bemveli. Ivulekele ukunyuswa zombini ukusuka kwicala elisezantsi laseNepali nakwicala laseTibetan elingasentla. I-Everest Expedition ngamava acela umngeni ngokunyanisekileyo amkela imvakalelo edidayo yokungxama kunye namandla anikezelwa yintlambo ye-Himalaya.
Everest Expedition Amagqabantshintshi
- Thatha ubunewunewu bentlalo kunye nendalo kaKhumbu.
- Khwela eyona Ntaba iPhakamileyo emhlabeni, impumelelo eyenziwe liqela labantu abathobekileyo emhlabeni.
- Amava ngokuthe ngqo kwinkcubeko yeSherpa yommandla
- Thatha kwindawo yemveli ye-Himalayan yePaki yeSizwe yaseSagarmatha, indawo yendalo ye-UNESCO yeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi.
Everest Expedition ngeSouth Side
Undoqo osemazantsi we-Everest, ehlala eNepal, lelona cala libhiyozelwa ngakumbi kwiiHimalaya kubakhweli bentaba. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, iNepal itsalela abantu abaninzi abanyuka intaba abavela kwihlabathi liphela abaleqa ukuya eKhumbu ukuya kufumana umbono okhethekileyo kunye nemibono emangalisayo ye-Everest massif.
Icala elingezantsi lomzamo ngokubanzi liqala ngokumka okufutshane ukusuka eKathmandu ukuya eLukla, kwaye uhambo oluya kwinduli yentaba luzaliswe ngamasiko kunye nenkcubeko yaseSherpa. Ukuhamba usuka kwenye idolophu ukuya kwelandelayo kwaye udlula kwiindawo zokuhlala ezincinci kunye namadlelo- i-adventure ayiyonto nje ethetha nge-Everest. Kukwamalunga nokuxabisa kunye nokuthatha ubungangamsha be-Himalaya kunye nokugqwesa kwenkcubeko ye-Sherpa eqhubeke ezintabeni ixesha elide.
Uhambo lwe-Everest Expedition nge-South Side
Ingqiqo ngokubanzi yokunyuka iNtaba i-Everest ukususela ekuboniseni i-Kathmandu yandulela malunga neentsuku ezingama-60, okwenza uhambo luthathe malunga neeveki ezisithoba (ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi). Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, kuhle ukukhumbula ukuba ebudeni bomzamo onjalo, imozulu isenokungaguquguquki, yaye izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zinokuthintela ukunyukela phezulu.
Iintsuku 3 ukuya kwi-12 ziintsuku zokuhamba, apho abakhweli baya kuhamba kwintlambo yeKhumbu kunye neenduli. Kwaye ukusuka kuloo ndawo ukuya phambili, ixesha lokunyuka liqala ukusuka kwi- Inkampu yase-Everest. Eli xesha lokunyuka kulindeleke ukuba lihlale ukuya kuthi ga kwi-51 ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-60.
Iveki yokugqibela yohambo idla ngokuchithwa ekucoceni inkampu yesiseko kunye nokubuyela eKathmandu. Nangona kunjalo, abantu kunye nabakhweli kufuneka baqaphele ukuba ukuphela kokunyuka kunye nokuhamba akuthethi ukuba banokubuyela kubomi obuqhelekileyo ngokukhawuleza. Umzimba udinga ithuba elifanelekileyo lokuphumla kwaye uqhelane neemeko ezahlukeneyo kwakhona. Kukwabalulekile ukunika ixesha lakho lengqondo yokujongana nento eyenzekileyo kwiphulo kwaye ucwangcisele ubunyani obuqhelekileyo. Oku kungathatha ukuya kwisiqingatha senyanga okanye nangaphezulu.
Nasi isishwankathelo se-Everest Expedition venture ukusuka emazantsi
Kathmandu ukuya Everest Base Camp
Uhambo olusisiseko lohambo luhambo oluya kwinkampu esisiseko. Indlela yokuhamba iqala kuLukla. Ikhosi yokuhamba ithatha abakhweli ukuya kwiidolophu ezininzi ezibonakalayo kunye neelali zentlambo yaseKhumbu ngeSagarmatha National Park. Ukuhamba kwiindawo ezinje ngedolophu yaseNamche Bazaar, Tengboche, kunye neDingboche, phakathi kwezinye ezininzi, abakhweli banokufumana iimeko ezininzi apho banokuxabisa iimbono ezikhulayo ze Everest massif. Idityaniswe nenkcubeko yakwaSherpa, uhambo lokuya kwinkampu luzaliswe luzolo kunye nokugqwesa kwendalo.
EBC ukuya kwiCamp 1
Ukusuka kwinkampu yesiseko, inqanaba elilandelayo lokuhamba likwiCamp 1. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abakhweli bahamba ngeKhumbu Icefall ukulungiselela indawo ephakamileyo yentaba. IKhumbu Icefall imi phezulu kweKhumbu Glacier kunye nonyawo lweWestern Cwm. Ngokwendalo icwangciswe kumphakamo oziimitha ezingama-5,486 (17,999 ft.). Ukuwa komkhenkce kusenokwenzeka ukuba lelona nqanaba linobungozi kwikhosi yaseMzantsi Col kuhambo luka-Everest. IKhumbu Glacier equlunqa i-icefall ihamba ngesantya esilindelekileyo se-0.9 ukuya kwi-1.2 m (3 ukuya ku-4 ft.) isantya ukuhla entabeni rhoqo.
Inkampu yoku-1 ukuya kwiNkampi yesi-2
Inxalenye elandelayo ye-excursion ifika kwi-Camp 2. Le nkampu elandelayo ilungiselelwe kwi-cwm esentshona yobuso obusemazantsi bentaba. Isikwe ngamathambeka amakhulu asemacaleni, iWest cwm yindawo ebanzi, ethe tyaba, ethambileyo ethambileyo yentlambo yesitya esinomkhenkce esiphela kumazantsi eLhotse Face yeMount Everest. Esi sitya sithwele indlela yokungena kwi-Western Cwm ephezulu. Kule ndawo, abakhweli kufuneka bawele ukuya kwicala lasekunene, ukuya kumazantsi eNuptse, kwindlela ecuthekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yiNuptse corner. Ukusuka apho, abakhweli banokubona ubuso obuphezulu be-2,400 yeemitha (7,900 ft.) ubuso be-Everest-inqununu ijonga i-Everest's inclilines ukususela ekuboniseni kwi-Base Camp.
Inkampu yoku-2 ukuya kwiNkampi yesi-3
Icala elibanzi lasentshona leLhotse laziwa njengoBuso beLhotse. Liqhekeza elingenakuthintelwa lekhosi yesiqhelo yasemzantsi-mpuma ukuya e-Everest. I-Camp III ihleli kakhulu kulo bunzima bunyukayo womkhenkce oluhlaza obandayo. I-Lhotse Face iphakama ngokuthe ngqo kwii-3,700 ezinyaweni ukusuka kwisiseko sayo ukuya phezulu, ixhomekeke kwi-40 kunye ne-50-degree pitches kunye nokunyuka okungaqhelekanga kwe-80-degree. Ikhosi yonke ilungiswe ngeentambo, kwaye abakhweli kufuneka bangene kuphuhliso oluqinileyo lokutsala kunye nokunyuka. Ukukhaba izinyuko ngelixa uhleli umphambili wakho ugxile kumkhenkce oluhlaza lulolona phuhliso lufunekayo kolu nyuko lungayekiyo usiya eSouth Col.
Ukuya phezulu, iLitye eliYellow ligada indlela yokungena. I-Yellow Rock, ilitye lentlabathi yentlenga, yinxalenye ecacileyo yoBuso beLhotse. Abakhweli bafuna malunga neemitha ezili-100 zentambo ukuhamba kuyo. Eli lilitye eliphambili umkhweli obhekisa kwikhosi e-Everest. Indlela ijika icace xa umntu efikile kweli nqanaba kuhambo; iikramponi zomkhweli zibethe iliwa eliqinileyo. Eyona ndawo iphakamileyo yebhendi etyheli iku-25,000 ezinyaweni.
Inkampu yoku-3 ukuya kwiNkampi yesi-4
Indawo ekuya kuyo inkampu enkulu, ngenye indlela ebizwa ngokuba yiCamp IV, sisihlalo esicolwe ngumoya e-Everest naseLhotse, esikwi-26,000 yeenyawo. Igama elithi "Col" sisiWelsh sokuhlala okanye ukudlula. Lo mmandla wathiywa yiBritish Reconnaissance Expedition yango-1921, eyayibona ikwindawo yokubona kanye kumgama oziikhilomitha ezisixhenxe. Isebenzisa zonke izinto ezenziwayo njengenkampu ephezulu, iCamp 4 iyindawo ye-3000 yeenyawo ukuya kwingqungquthela.
Ukuqhubela phambili, abakhweli emva koko bafika eSoutheast Ridge kwi-27,700 yeenyawo kwindawo eyaziwa ngokuba yi "Balcony." Kweli nqanaba, abakhweli banokuphumla kwaye banandiphe ukukhanya kwelanga okukhanyisa ingqungquthela ukuya ngasempuma nasezantsi. Ukusuka apha, umphetho wekhephu uphakama kangangeemitha ezili-1,000 XNUMX ukuya kutsho kwiNgqungquthela eMazantsi kwaye ugobe kakuhle ngasemantla.
Inkampu yesi-4 ukuya kwiNgqungquthela yaseMzantsi
Uloyiso lokuqala oluncinci lwabakhweli bemini, iSouth Summit, yitafile ye-ping pong yekhephu kunye nomkhenkce oziimitha ezingama-28,700. Ukusuka apha, abakhweli banokufumana imbono malunga nezithintelo zokugqibela eziphambi kwabo: Inyathelo likaHillary, iCornice Traverse, kunye neendawo ezinqamlezileyo zangaphambili ukuya kwindawo ephezulu. Kuyinto yesiko ukutshintsha iibhotile ze-oksijini ukuze ube nesitya esitsha sokunyuka kokugqibela kwaye ubuyele kwi-South Summit.
I-Cornice Traverse, i-400-foot ubude necandelo lelitye kunye nekhephu elisikwe ngumoya, ngokufanelekileyo lelona candelo loyikeka lokunyuka. Abakhweli kufuneka ngononophelo bawele incam yekhephu phakathi kwamatye ajijekileyo. Le yeyona ndawo ingagqunywanga kuyo yonke indawo enyukayo, kwaye ukutyibilika ukuya ngasekunene kuya kuthumela umntu onyukayo owela kuBuso obuziinyawo ezili-10,000 ze-Kangshung. Ngokunjalo, ukuthontsiza ukuya kwelinye icala kuya kuthumela enye i-8,000 yeenyawo ezantsi kuBuso obusezantsi-ntshona ukuba iintambo azilungiswanga.
ISouth Summit ukuya kwiMount Everest Summit
Elona candelo lidumileyo kwi-Everest, i-Hillary Step, kwi-28,750 yeenyawo, yi-40-foot spike yekhephu kunye nomkhenkce. Okokuqala wenyuka ngo-1953 ngo Edmund Hillary kwaye Ukunyanzela iNorgay, iHillary Step sisithintelo sokugqibela sokuba abakhweli bafikelele kwiindawo ezithe tye ezibalwe ngobuchule kwincopho ye-Everest. Abakhweli bangoku bahamba ngentambo esisigxina apha ukuze banyuke i-Hillary Step. Abakhweli banokuzibuza ngoMhlekazi uHillary kunye nokufezekiswa kuka-Tenzing ekunyukeni kwesi sithintelo esihle kakhulu sokunyuka intaba. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, bayenze ngaphandle kweentambo ezizinzileyo kwaye basebenzise oko ngoku kujongwa njengomkhenkce okrwada onyukayo.
Imboniselo evela Phezulu
Ukugubungela indawo, ubungakanani betafile yangaphandle, indawo ephezulu egutyungelwe likhephu inyuka isiya ngasentla, kumzantsi-ntshona, nasempuma. Umboniso we-360-degree ubonisa i-Tibetan Plateau ngasemantla, kunye neencopho ze-Himalayan ezingenakulinganiswa ze-Kanchenjunga towers ngasempuma, iMakalu ngasemazantsi-mpuma, kunye ne-Cho Oyu ngasentshona. Ngentsasa eqhaqhazelis’ amazinyo, kubonakala ngathi ubani unokubona kummandla omkhulu womhlaba onekhephu.
Yehla usuka eMount Everest uye kwiBase Camp
Ngokuqhelekileyo kuya kuthatha abakhweli malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukuhla ukusuka kwindawo ephezulu. Ukusuka apho, uya kuhla ukuya kwi-overhang malunga neeyure ezimbini. Emva koko, ukuhla ukuya eSouth Col ukusuka kwiBalcony luhambo nje lweyure ukuya ezantsi.
Uninzi lwabakhweli bachitha ubusuku eSouth Col emva kokukhwela intaba i-Everest. Noko ke, amaqela athile ehla aye kwinkampu emibini aze ahlale khona okwelo xesha. Ke, uninzi lwabakhweli abayi kufuna ioksijini eyongezelelweyo ukuba bahlala kwinkampu yesi-2.
Inqanaba loBunzima beEverest Expedition
INtaba i-Everest ilele kumphakamo oyi-8848.86 m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Isikhululo seenqwelomoya eLukla simi kwindawo ephakamileyo ephindwe kabini kunaleyo yaseKathmandu. Ukunyuka kwandisa i-600-800 yeemitha ngosuku ngalunye, kwaye iqondo le-oksijini liyancipha njengoko unyuka endleleni. Isigulo esinzulu saseNtabeni esiziswa bubude obukhulayo bunokubulala ukuba akunyangwa kakuhle ngexesha. Ke ngoko, ukuba nekhefu lokuqhelanisa ngamaxesha athile ngexesha lohambo kuya kukunceda kakhulu ngexesha lohambo.
Iphulo leMount Everest lithatha ixesha elide kunye nokucwangcisa. Inobunzima obuninzi, kuquka imozulu ebanda ngokumangalisayo, iqabaka ephantsi, kunye neemeko ezinzima zokunyuka. Abakhweli kufuneka baziqhelanise nobude obude phambi kokuba babonakale encotsheni yentaba kwaye behle ngasemva.
Ixesha le-Everest, ubukhulu becala, liqala ekupheleni kukaMatshi. Iqala emva kokuba abakhweli babonakale kwinkampu yase-Everest emva kokuthatha uhambo oluya eLukla. Ngelo xesha, abakhweli bahamba benqumla iPhakding, Namche, Tengboche, Dingboche, kunye neGorakshep ngaphambi kokuvela e-EBC. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, i-Southern Everest Base Camp (5,300 yeemitha) sisigaba sokuqala sephulo.
Umkhenkce kunye ne-labyrinth yawo ehambayo yinxalenye yemiqobo ekufuneka abakhweli bajongane nayo. Abakhweli baya kuziqhelanisa neenkampu kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ohambo lwabo. Bahlengahlengisa ngexesha le-4 kunye neentsuku ze-5 kwinkampu yesiseko kwaye benyuka kakhulu phezu kwe-Khumbu glacial mass. Ngaphaya koko, emva kokuziqhelanisa neentsuku ezimbalwa apho, banyukela kwinkampu yoku-1.
IMount Everest yenye yezona ndawo zinzima kwesi sijikelezi-langa. Amaqondo obushushu eMount Everest aphantsi kwengqele unyaka wonke. Iqondo lobushushu kweyona ndawo iphakamileyo yentaba ngoJanuwari liyi-avareji -33° F (-36° C), yaye linokuhla liye kutsho ku-76° F (-60° C). Ubushushu obuphakathi kwencopho ngoJulayi yi -2° F (-19° C). Njengomthetho, kupholile ngexesha langokuhlwa kunye ne-smidgen eshushu kakhulu emini. Ke ebusika (ngoJanuwari ukuya kuFebruwari), iintsuku apha kwindawo ephezulu ziya kubanda.
Ukulungiselela i-Everest Expedition
Ukufika kwindawo ephezulu ye-Everest, kufuneka ube kumgangatho ophezulu womzimba, unomdla, kunye nesimo sengqondo esihle. Imilinganiselo yolungiselelo olusebenzayo lohambo lubandakanya iihambo ezidlulileyo eziyimpumelelo ezingaphezu kwe-20,000 ft nakweyiphi na indawo enokwenzeka.
Uhambo oluphezulu lwangaphambili luya kukufumana amava okulawula izixhobo kunye nehardware, ukukhathalela amaqondo obushushu abandayo kunye nokuphakama okugqithisileyo. Ukwaphuhlisa izakhono eziqinileyo zokuxinana ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwelitye, ikhephu, kunye nomkhenkce, kunye nendlela yokukhumbula ngepakethi, usebenzisa i-ascenders kunye neejumars kumgca osisigxina. Ngaphandle kokuphakama okuphakamileyo, ikhephu, kunye nezakhono zokunyuka komkhenkce, udinga amandla amakhulu, ukunyamezela, ukomelela okuphakamileyo, kunye nokubumba okuqinileyo kwentliziyo.
Khumbula ukuba unolungiselelo olufanelekileyo ekulindeleke ukuba likuncede ngexesha lohambo njengoko uziqhelanisa ngokwesiqhelo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezisezantsi. Impilo yentliziyo nemithambo-luvo ayonelanga. Kufuneka zero ekwakheni i-physique esebenzayo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo eziphantsi njengoko zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba wakho uya kumelana nokunyuka kwe-4,000 ft.
Ukuzuza ukuphakama kwakhona kubandakanya ukwanda kwamandla kunye nokunyamezela okuqhubekayo kunye neentsuku ezihambisa i-50-60 lbs. Nangona awuyi kunikwa ubunzima obuninzi kwi-Everest, ngokubumba umzimba wakho ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuxhathisa, uya kuba uqokelele iivenkile ezongezelelweyo eziya kukunceda kakhulu entabeni. Ukongeza, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuqalisa ukuphulukana nemisipha kunye nezihlunu ngokuchasene namafutha ngenxa yokuba kwindawo ephakame kakhulu ixesha elide.
Everest Expedition Equipment
Kukho uluhlu oluninzi lwezixhobo eziyimfuneko kuyo nayiphi na intshukumo enyukayo ukuya kwiMount Everest. Ngexesha lohambo, qhubeka ucela isikhokelo sakho malunga nothotho lwento umntu alindele ukuba uze nayo. Uninzi lwezixhobo zinokufikeleleka ukuba uziqeshise eNepal okanye eTibet. Ukusuka kwi-Ice tomahawks ukuya kwiicrampons, izixhobo zolu hambo zibalulekile ekunyukeni ngempumelelo. Kukho izikhokelo zeCarabiner ezisetyenzisiweyo ngokunjalo, kubandakanywa neempahla zokunyuka ze-Snow-capped. I-Ascenders inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba abakhweli bakhuselekile, kwaye abakhuseli bentloko baqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngexesha lohambo. Iminqwazi yelanga, iminqwazi yokuthunga, kunye nee-buffs nazo zibalulekile.
Ezinye izixhobo eziyimfuneko kuhambo ziquka iiglasi ze-Ski, izigqubuthelo zobuso, kunye neemaski zempumlo. Izibane zentloko zisetyenziswa ngexesha lobumnyama, kwaye i--40 phantsi ibhedi yokunyuka kunye ne-cushion yokuphumla ene-inflatable kunye ne-froth cushion inokuzisa intuthuzelo kwiiqhwa zentaba. Izibane, iirakhi zeelitha ezingama-55, iipakethi ezimbini zeeduffel, kunye neengxowa zangasese zibamba izinto zakho ezibalulekileyo. Ukongeza, iipakethi zokuhluza amanzi nazo zenza uhambo lube lula. Izikhuselo zelanga, izihlangu ezibalekayo, iibhuthi eziphakamileyo, kunye neebhutsi ezikhwelayo nazo zibalulekile. Okokugqibela, qinisekisa ukuba nawe upakisha iimpahla ezifanelekileyo zohambo lweentsuku ezingama-60 lokunyuka intaba namaqondo obushushu asuka kwi-30 °C ukuya kwi -30 °C.
isiphelo
IMount Everest ibonisa amava abalaseleyo okunyuka iintaba. Ukuhlala kwincopho yoMhlaba yenye yezona ndibano zinomvuzo ebomini. Iinzame kwi-Everest sisenzo esifuna umlinganiselo omkhulu wokuzibophelela kunye nesiqinisekiso. Kodwa umphumo uyifanele ingxaki. Umboniso ovela phezulu kunye neembono ze-Himalayan kulo lonke uhambo ziya kuhlala zisengqondweni yakho ngonaphakade. Idityaniswe nobutyebi benkcubeko kunye nezithethe zommandla, olu luhambo ngokwenene lobomi.
