ENepal, unqulo lusisikhokelo sobomi babantu baseNepal. Yonke imisebenzi yenkcubeko efana netheko nemithendeleko, amasiko emihla ngemihla, imibhiyozo yosapho, kunye nezithethe zonqulo yinxalenye yonqulo. INepal idume njengendawo yesikolo sasempuma sokucinga kwasekuqaleni. Kuyo yonke indawo eNepal, kwinyathelo elinye, umntu unokubona iitempile kunye neeShrines, iimonki kunye neViharas, imingcelele kunye nomculo wenkolo, kunye nabantu abonwabileyo. Yiyo loo nto iNepal ibizwa ngokuba lilizwe letempile kwaye iKathmandu yaziwa njengesixeko setempile. Kuthiwa sineetempile ezininzi kunezindlu zaseKathmandu. Kweso ngcinga, iNepal ibhengeze ilizwe lehlabathi ngo-2008 kodwa lisadume njengelizwe lamaHindu kubakhenkethi ngokwenkolo. I-syncretism yenkolo yeyona nto iphambili kuluntu lwaseNepali apho amaBhuda, amaSilamsi, amaKrestu kunye namaHindu ehloniphana inkolo kwaye ehlala kunye ngoxolo nangemvisiswano.
I-Kathmandu kuthiwa sineetempile ezininzi kunezindlu. Sineendawo ezininzi zonqulo eNepal. Itempile yasePashupatinath, eyeyona ndawo yenkolo yamaHindu yehlabathi ikwiKathmandu. Ezinye iindawo zokundwendwela zamaHindu yiSwargadwari, Gosainkunda, Devghat, Itempile yaseManakamana, Gorakhnath, Pathibhara, Mahamrityunjaya Shivasan, Badimalika, Janaki Temple, kunye nezinye ezininzi.
Intlambo yaseDang ikwayindawo engcwele yamaHindu nezinye iinkonzo. UKalika kunye noMalika Devi kwinduli yaseChillikot, kwitempile yase-Ambekeshawari, Itempile yaseKrishna, Itempile yaseDharapani, njl. ziindawo ezingcwele kwisithili sedang. Induli iChillikot ikwayindawo elungileyo yokubona indawo kwaye ikwayindawo yakudala yokumkani. IMuktinath yindawo engcwele yamaHindu kunye namaBhuda. Indawo ibekwe eMuktinath Valley kwisithili saseMustang. Kukho iindawo ezininzi zonqulo kulo lonke elaseNepal.
INepal luluntu oluneenkolo ezininzi. Olona nqulo luphambili eNepal bubuHindu. Ubume boluntu lwaseNepal ngokwenkolo luhamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
AmaHindu 81.34
AmaBhuda 9.04
ISilamsi 4.38
IKirat 3.04
UbuKristu 1.41
IiNdawo zeNkolo yamaHindu:
IiNarayan ezine (Char Narayans):
I-Four Narayan's (i-Bisankhu, i-Changu, i-Ichangu, kunye ne-Sesh) yenye yeendawo eziphambili zokhenketho lwenkolo kwintlambo yase-Kathmandu. Iitempile ezine zeNarayan zifumaneka kwisithili saseKathmandu, Lalitpur, naseBhaktapur. Kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi tempile zaseNarayan njengoko kwinyanga kaNovemba abazinikeleyo bandwendwela zonke iitempile ezine zeNarayan kwaye bagqibezela isiko labo ngomhla weHaribodhini Ekadasi.
1.Bishamkhu Narayan
2.Ichangu Narayan
3.Shesh Narayan
4.Changu Narayan
Itempile yaseDolakha Bhimsen:
Itempile eyaziwayo yaseBhimeshwor ifumaneka kwiDolakha Bazaar yesithili saseDolakha. UThixo uBhimsen wafumana owona mfanekiso uphambili kule tempile. UBhim uthathwa njengenkosana yesibini yePandav (Mahabharat) yaye ngokuphawulekayo banqulwa ngabarhwebi okanye abarhwebi njengothixo wabo wokuthanda. E-Dolakha phantsi kwetempile engenaphahla ijonga esi sithixo njengeBhim sen kodwa sinokuphinda siphile kathathu njengoBhimsen, uthixokazi uBhagawati, noThixo Shiva. Izilwanyana ekwabingelelwa ngazo kule tempile kuThixokazi uBhagawati ngelixa engazange abingelele ngegazi kwiNkosi uShiva. Kodwa kule tempile kunqulwa uThixo abathathu ngendlela eyahlukileyo kathathu ngemini.
Imiboniso ibanjelwa kule tempile ngezihlandlo ezinje Bala Chaturdashi, uRam Navami, uChaitra Ashtami, kunye noBhima Ekadashi. Ngexesha lomthendeleko. Isilwanyana esibingelelwa apha. Ngokumalunga neemitha ezingama-200 ukusuka kwitempile yaseBhimeshwar yitempile yeTripura Sundari apho abazinikeleyo bahlangana khona ngexesha lemithendeleko yeChaitrastami kunye neDashain. Ngumbingeleli wale tempile kuphela ovumelekileyo ukuba athi krwaqu umfanekiso obhalwe ngaphakathi.
Eli bali libalisa ukuba kudala, kudala kwakukho abathwali abali-12 ababevela kwenye indawo ababemisa kule ndawo baza bazama ukwenza izitovu zamatye ezithathu ukuze bapheke irayisi. Emva kwexesha elithile, enye inxalenye yerayisi yayisele iphekiwe kodwa enye isala ingaphekwa. Xa umgcini-sango wayishenxisa irayisi ephekiweyo ukuya kwenye indawo ayizange iphekwe kwakhona kuba yadibana nelitye elimnyama elimilise unxantathu. Omnye wabagcini-mnyango waba nomsindo waza wagwaza ilitye nge “Paneu” (i-laddle, igazi eligqunywe ngobisi laphuma. Kamva baqonda ukuba ilitye nguThixo Bhim baza baqalisa ukunqula ilitye.
Kusasenzeka ummangaliso kwitempile yaseDolakha Bhimsen. Mininzi imizekelo eqwalasela lo mmangaliso. Yabila ngexesha lentshukumo ye-1980, 1990 ngaphambi kokuba iRoyal macassared, phambi kwenyikima ka-2015 njl. Xa bekubila kuza kubakho iziganeko ezinkulu elizweni oko kukuthi naluphi na utshintsho lwezopolitiko, amashwa. Kunokuthiwa ukubila kweBhimsen kukulumkisa kwangaphambili okanye ukubikezelwa kweshwangusha.
Ngokutsho kweBhineshowar Shivapuran, kwakukho uBukumkani baseBhima obabusiswa nguthixo uBrahma. Abantu, ababephila kubukumkani baseBhima, babephila ubomi obulusizi; bathandaza kuthixo uShiva ukuba asindise ubomi babo. Nkosi Shiva wavela kwiiNtaba zeGaurishanker waza wabulala ukumkani uBhim. Emva kokufa kukaBhim, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaBhimeshowar wasekwa kuloo ndawo kwaye wabizwa ngokuba yiBhimeshowar.
Itempile yaseSwargadwari:
Swargadwari yindawo yetempile esendulini kunye nendawo yokundwendwela kwisithili sasePyuthan. Yenye yeendawo zonqulo ezidumileyo zamaHindu. Ifumaneka kumazantsi esithili sasePyuthan. Iinkomo zinqulwa njengoothixokazi kubuHindu. Kuthiwa yasekwa nguGuru Maharaj Narayan Khatri (Swami Hamsananda) owachitha ixesha elininzi lobomi bakhe kwindawo ekufutshane esalusa yaye esenga amawaka eenkomo. Ngokwamabali esintu, abanye babakhonzi bakhe bamlandela befuna ukubona apho azithathela khona iinkomo, kodwa abazange bamfumane.
Ngokwabantu abadala bale ndawo, wayephuma Rolpa kwindawo ekhoyo yetempile kwaye wacela umninimzi ukuba anikele ngomhlaba kuye. Wemba umhlaba waza wafumana ikorde exutywe nerayisi nomlilo. Wayechazile ukuba ezi zinto zazingcwatywe yiPandavas eDwapar Yuga Xa babenqula kule ndawo ngaphambi kokuba bahambe baye ezulwini. Umninimzi wamangaliswa. Wavuma ukuwunikezela umhlaba ngoko nangoko. Emva koko umlilo ongcwele uyavutha ngokuqhubekayo kude kube ngoko. I-Bivat (uthuthu) yeenkuni ezitshiswe ngumlilo ongcwele kukholelwa ukuba iphilisa izifo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu, isisu esibuhlungu, njl.
Ngaphambi kokuba awushiye umzimba wenyama u-guru wanika amanye amandla akhe kubafundi abambalwa. Mhla wawushiya umzimba wakhe wenyama ngomnqweno wakhe, abantu abaninzi bahlanganisana kuye kwindawo awayehlala ecamngca kuyo. UGuru wawushiya umzimba wakhe emva kokuvalelisa kubafundi bakhe nakwabanye abalandeli. Inkomo awayeyithanda kakhulu nayo yafa ngephanyazo, zaza ezinye iinkomo zanyamalala ngendlela engummangaliso kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa.
Kukwakho nengxelo yeenkomo ezikhupha ubisi lwazo zodwa yonke imihla ngaxeshanye, kwindawo apho uGuru wafela khona. Wayenze imimangaliso emininzi ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe. Ngesinye isihlandlo wacela abelusi beenkomo baseRolpali ukuba bangazithathi iinkomo kwindawo ethile ukuze ziyokudliswa, ebalumkisa ngokudilika komhlaba kuloo ndawo. Kodwa abavumanga baza bakhukuliswa kukudilika komhlaba. Wayedla ngokubalisa ithamsanqa labo bazinikeleyo. Wancedwa kakhulu amahlwempu ukuba akhe indlu yawo.
Wakwazi ukufundisa abantwana izibhalo zeVedic nezinye izibhalo zonqulo. Basenokwenza unqulo lweVedic etempileni emva kokufunda. Kodwa, ukwenza oku akusinyanzeliso emva kokufunda. ISwargadwari ibalwa phakathi kweendawo eziphambili zohambo lwaseNepal kwaye idweliswe kuluhlu lwesizwe lweendawo zenkcubeko nezembali.
Itempile yasePathivara:
Itempile yasePathivara yenye yezona tempile eziBalulekileyo ze Nephal, Ibekwe kwinduli ye Taplejung. Ikwathathwa njengenye yeendawo ezingcwele zabantu bamaHindu. Abanquli abavela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseNepal naseIndiya bagxalathelana ukuya etempileni ngamaxesha akhethekileyo. Kukholelwa ukuba iPilgrimage eya etempileni iqinisekisa ukuzaliseka kweminqweno yabahambi ngezonqulo.
Itempile itholakala kwi-19.4 eMntla Mpuma ukusuka kumasipala wasePhungling kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-3,794 m (12,444 ft) Isebenza njengendlela yesibini yohambo lwaseKanchenjunga. Abahambi ngezonqulo benza amadini ezilwanyana, igolide nesilivere ukuze bakholise lo thixokazi. Uthixokazi uPathuvara ukholelwa ukuba unamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo kwaye uphendule ngenkuthalo imithandazo yabazinikeleyo. Ujongwa ngabazinikeleyo njengembonakaliso yobufazi bobuthixo emiselwe namanye amagama njengoAdhikari, Maha Maya, UMaha Rudra phakathi kwezinye ezininzi zeemo zakhe zobuThixo.
Iintsomi zithi abelusi basekuhlaleni baphulukene namakhulu eegusha zabo ngoxa babesidla kwalapho itempile imi kuyo namhlanje. Abalusi ababecinezelekile baba nephupha apho uthixokazi wabayalela ukuba benze amadini ezimvu ngokwesithethe baze bakhe itempile ngokumzukisa. Xa kwakunikelwa idini umhlambi olahlekileyo kwakusithiwa wabuya. Isithethe sokwenza amadini ngaphakathi etempileni kukholeleka ukuba saqala emva kwesehlo.
Itempile yaseJanaki eJanakpur:
IJanaki Mandir, eyaziwa ngokuba yiNau Lakha Mandir, yenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zoHambo lwamaHindu ezifumaneka eJanakpur ezinikezelwe Uthixokazi wamaHindu uSita. Ixabiso lokwakhiwa kwendlu kaThixo laliziikhilogram ezisithoba okanye amakhulu asithoba amawaka. kungoko kwathiwa yiNau Lakha Mandir. Ngokutsho kukaRamayan, uKujg Janak, umlawuli waseVideha ( eJanakpur), Ngexesha leRamayana, watshata intombi yakhe uSita kwinkosana yase-Ayodhya Ram. UJanaki okanye uSita, ngexesha lakhe uSwyambar (uthethathethwano), ukhethe iNkosi uRama njengomyeni wakhe. zabo umsitho womtshato yenzeka kwitempile ekufutshane ebizwa ngokuba yiVivaha Mandap.
Umhla ochanekileyo wokwakhiwa kwayo awaziwa kodwa kuthiwa itempile yakhiwa ngaphambi kwe-16th inkulungwane efumaneka kuncwadi. UKumkanikazi uVrisha Bhanu waseTikamgarh, eIndiya wakha itempile ngo-1911 AD ngendlela yanamhlanje. Yakhiwe kwiindawo ze-4,860 SQ zeenyawo kwisitayile esixubileyo se-Mughal kunye ne-Hindu architecture. Itempile iziimitha ezingama-50 ukuphakama. Sisakhiwo esinemigangatho emithathu esenziwe ngokupheleleyo ngamatye kunye nebhastile. Onke amagumbi ayo angama-60 ahonjiswe ngeflegi ye Nephal, igilasi enemibala, imizobo, nemizobo kaMithila, enefestile entle yelatisi kunye neetoti.
Ngomnyaka we-1657, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo weGolidekazi uSita wafunyanwa kanye kuloo ndawo, kwaye uSita kuthiwa wayehlala apho. Intsomi yathi yakhiwe kwindawo engcwele apho uSannyasi Shurkishordas wayengumseki weJanakpur yanamhlanje kunye nongcwele omkhulu wembongi owashumayela malunga nesayithi i-Upasana (ekwabizwa ngokuba yiSita Upanishad) Philosophy. Iintsomi zithi uKumkani uJanak (seeradhwaj) wenza unqulo lweShiva-Dhanush kwindawo yayo.
ITempile yaseBudkanilkantha (iVishnu eleleyo):
Itempile yaseBudhanilkantha, (iVishnu elalayo) ekwabizwa ngokuba yitempile yaseNarayansthan, ibekwe ngezantsi kwetempile. Shivapuri Hill ekupheleni komntla wentlambo yaseKathmandu, e UBudhanilkantha Kumasipala, le tempile inikezelwe kwiNkosi uVishnu. Owona mfanekiso uphambili wetempile yokulala uVishnu uthathwa njengowona mfanekiso mkhulu wamatye wexesha leLicchavi.
Itempile ikwabizwa ngokuba nguBuddha-Budhanilkantha. Ukuba sijonga umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaVishnu oleleyo, sinokubona ibunzi likaBuddha. Ngaloo ndlela ithathwa njengendibaniselwano yobuHindu kunye nobuBhuda kumfanekiso oqingqiweyo ogama linguBuddha-Budhanilkantha. UBuddha uchaza iNkosi uShiva. Ke, yindibaniselwano yeShaivism kunye neVaishnavism kunye neBuddhism enikezela ngeSyncretism yezenkolo yexesha leLicchavi.
