INepal lilizwe lenkcubeko emangalisayo. Abantu bezizwe ezahlukeneyo bahlala eNepal ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo. Oku kube nesiphumo sokubhiyozelwa kwe imibhiyozo eyahlukeneyo. Eminye yale mithendeleko ibhiyozelwa kulo lonke elaseNepal, ngelixa eminye ibhiyozelwa kwiindawo ezithile.
Abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi balungisa imihla yemikhosi emininzi elandela ikhalenda yenyanga. Le mithendeleko ibhiyozelwa ngehlombe elikhulu, kwaye ngemibhiyozo engaphezu kwama-50, iNepal inokubizwa ngokuba lilizwe mikhosi.
Eminye yeminyhadala ephambili yaseNepal yile ilandelayo:
Dashain:
IDashain yeyona festival inkulu eNepal kwaye imele uloyiso lokulungileyo phezu kobubi. Le festival lixesha lokudibana kweentsapho, ukutshintshiselana ngeentsikelelo nezipho, ukongeza kwi-pujas ezintsonkothileyo.
Kukubhiyozelwa kwamandla amabhinqa aphawulwa kukunqulwa kukathixokazi uDurga ngeendlela zakhe ezisithoba ngosuku ngalunye lweentsuku ezisithoba zokuqala zomthendeleko. Umthendeleko ukwaphawula uloyiso lweNkosi uRam phezu kokumkani weedemon, URavanaIintsomi zamaHindu zisixelela ngoloyiso lokulunga, “uDurga,” phezu kwedemon egama lingu “Mahisasur.” Uthixokazi wabulala le demon kwimfazwe eyathatha iintsuku ezininzi.
I-Dashain ibhiyozelwa iintsuku ezili-15 zizonke, kunye nosuku ngalunye lunokubaluleka kwalo. Ngosuku lokuqala, "iGhatasthapana" ngokoqobo ithetha ukumisa ibhodwe. I-10th Usuku luphawulwa ngokufumana iTika (iqhekeza le-red vermilion exutywe neyogathi nerayisi, efumaneka eNepal kuphela), iJamara (izithole ezincinci zerhasi, umbona, imbewu yerayisi), kunye neentsikelelo ezivela kubantu abadala.
I-Dashain yenzeka ngexesha lokuzisa inyanga ezimbini iiveki ukuya kwinyanga epheleleyo ngo-Okthobha.
I-Tihar:
I-Tihar ngumthendeleko wezibane kwaye iyingqayizivele kuba ibonisa ukuhlonela oothixo kunye nezilwanyana eziye zakhonza abantu kakuhle.
Lo mbhiyozo waqala ngoYama, uthixo wokufa, nodade wabo, uYamuna. Kuthiwa uye wathumela ukuba amtyelele izihlandlo ezininzi kwaye, ekugqibeleni, waya kubona umnakwabo ngokwakhe. Wayemnqula ngetika kunye neentyatyambo, ejikeleza ngeoli yemostade kunye ne "Dubo" - uhlobo lwengca waza wacela uYamaraj ukuba angayi de ioli, "iDubo," kwaye intyatyambo yomile, ngoko wonke udade wayenqula umzalwana wakhe enqwenela ubomi bakhe obude.
Ukususela ekunquleni amagwababa, izinja, iinkomo neenkomo ukuya ekunquleni uYama, uThixo Wokufa, uLaxmi, uthixokazi wobuTyebi, neentsikelelo zabantwana bakowenu, uTihar ukuqukumbela ngokucocekileyo oku kweentsuku ezi-5. Igqalwa ngokukhanyisa amakhaya ngamakhandlela, izibane zeoli nezibane zombane. Ukudlala i-caroling ngendlela yeDeusi kunye neBhailo nayo yenziwa ngexesha leTihar.
Ixesha likaTihar lisekelwe kwinyanga entsha, enokuthi iwe ngoNovemba okanye ngo-Okthobha.
Chhath:
I-Chhath Puja ngumthendeleko owenzelwa ukunqula isithixo selanga, uSurya, onqulwa njengamandla obomi bomhlaba, kunye nodade wabo uChhathi Maiya ukuba banqwenele ukukhuselwa kwinzala yomntu kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.
Lo mbhiyozo ubandakanya amasiko nezithethe ezizukisa ilanga ngethemba lokufumana ubomi obude nobusempilweni yena kunye nabo ubathandayo. Ukubhiyozelwa kweChhath kufunyenwe zombini eRamayana naseMahabharata.
E-Ramayana, ukuqaliswa kuthiwa kuqala ngeNkosi uRam kunye nomfazi wakhe uSita, abathi ekubuyeni kwabo ekuthinjweni kuthiwa bagcina ukuzila ukutya ngokuhlonela uthixo weLanga kwaye baqhekeza kuphela ngokutshona kwelanga. Oku kuye kwavela kwi-Chhath puja. Ngelixa eMahabharata, unyana weNkosi uKarna ubizwa ngokuba wenza umthandazo kuthixo weLanga emi emanzini kwaye enikela iminikelo kwabasweleyo.
Nokuba yeyiphi na imvelaphi, ngoku iChhath iquka umthendeleko weentsuku ezine oquka iibhafu ezingcwele, ukuzila ukutya, ukunqula, nokwenza iminikelo elangeni ekuphumeni kwelanga nasekutshoneni kwelanga. Umthendeleko uwela ixesha elithile ngo-Oktobha okanye ngoNovemba.
UMaha Shivaratri:
UMaha Shivaratri uphawula ukubhiyozelwa kwesithixo samaHindu uShiva. Umthendeleko uphawula inkumbulo yokoyisa ubumnyama kunye nokungazi ebomini kunye nehlabathi. Usuku lukwakholelwa ukuba uShiva wenza iTandav - umdaniso we-cosmic.
Kukho amabali amaninzi ngemvelaphi yomthendeleko. Elinye ibali elinjalo lithi ngexesha likaSamudra Manthan - ukuxubha kolwandle lwasezulwini lobisi, imbiza yavela elwandle eyayinetyhefu. Ecinga ukuba kuya kuphawula isiphelo sehlabathi, bonke oothixo kunye needemon baya eNkosini Shiva, wayisela waza wayibamba emqaleni wakhe. Ke, usuku luphawula ukuphela kweNkosi uShiva esindisa umhlaba.
Umthendeleko ugcinwa ngokukhumbula iNkosi uShiva kunye nokuthandaza imithandazo, ukuzila ukutya nokucamngca. Ngalo mhla, iTempile yasePashupatinath ingqina ukugcwala okukhulu kwesilumko esingcwele kunye nabazinikeleyo kwindawo yokunikela unqulo lwabo.
Ikakhulu iwa ekupheleni kukaFebruwari okanye ekuqaleni kukaMatshi.
Holi:
I-Holi ngumthendeleko wemibala kwaye ibonisa ukunqoba kokulunga phezu kobubi. Ibhiyozela intwasahlobo, uthando kunye nobomi obutsha. Umbhiyozo uye waba ngokutshatyalaliswa kweedemon Holika. UHolika wayekwiphulo lakhe lokutshisa iNkosana uPrahlad, owayezinikele kwiNkosi uVishnu kodwa wazitshisa waba luthuthu. Inkosana ayizange ichaphazeleke, yaye abantu bayifefa ngamanzi amibalabala ukubhiyozela lo mbhiyozo.
I-Holi ibhiyozelwa ngokuzonwabisa okudlalayo kunye nomgubo onemibala, amanzi anemibala, kunye nokuzonwabisa okuqhelekileyo ngokudanisa nokucula. Abantu bakwazonwabisa ngebhang - umxube wentsangu, ubisi, kunye neziqholo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zokutya okunkcenkceshela umlomo, okufana nePakoras - i-spiced fritter, iThandai - isiselo esiswiti esinesiseko sobisi esinezithako ezinje ngealmondi, isafron, kunye nembewu yepoppy ukomeleza umoya womnyhadala.
Ibhiyozelwa ngosuku lokugqibela lwenyanga epheleleyo yenyanga yekhalenda yamaHindu, ehlala iwa ekuqaleni kukaMatshi.
Unyaka oMtsha waseNepali:
INepal ibhiyozela unyaka omtsha ngexesha elahluke ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi liphela. INepal ilandela inkqubo yekhalenda eyahlukileyo ebizwa ngokuba yiBikram Sambat, iminyaka engama-56.7 ngaphambi kwekhalenda yelanga kaGregorian. Imvelaphi yoNyaka oMtsha waseNepal isusela kwixesha loMlawuli uVikramaditya, owayesebenzisa iinyanga zenyanga kunye nonyaka welanga ongasecaleni.
Emini, abantu badibana ngokutyelela izalamane zabo nokuba nentlanganiso nabahlobo. Kukhunjulwa ngethemba lokuba neentsikelelo ezininzi kunye nempumelelo. Imisebenzi eyonwabisayo efana nokudanisa esitratweni kunye nemiboniso nayo iyenzeka. Imicimbi efana nemikhosi yonyaka yeBisket Jatra kunye neBode Jatra nayo yenziwa ngexesha loNyaka oMtsha. Imicimbi kunye namaqela acwangcisiweyo nakwiihotele nakwiindawo zokutyela, ingakumbi ebusuku.
Oku kuwela phakathi ku-Epreli.
Bisket Jatra:
IBisket Jatra ngumnyhadala wasekuhlaleni wesithili saseBhaktapur nakwezinye iindawo zasekuhlaleni eNepal. Uphawulwa ngumnyhadala weveki yonke ophawula uNyaka oMtsha welanga wamandulo. Lo mnyhadala waqalwa nguKumkani uJagajyoti Malla, owayenomdla kwiintsomi kunye nentsomi malunga nenkosazana entle neqalekisiweyo, eyabangela ukuba umyeni wayo afe ngosuku olulandelayo. Indoda enesibindi ekugqibeleni yamkhulula ngokubulala iinyoka ezazibangela ukufa komyeni. Ibali lamkhuthaza ukumkani kangangokuba wagqiba ekubeni aliphinde ngokubhiyozela iBisket Jatra.
Lo mnyhadala uqala emva kwesiko elikhethekileyo leTantric kwitempile yaseBhairav eTaumadhi Tole eBhaktapur. Lo mnyhadala uquka ukumiswa nokuwa kweLingo, isibonda esibonisa ukuwa kotshaba lomntu. Kukwakho nokutsalana xa umntu egqiba ekubeni aqhube inqwelo yeNkosi uBhairav aye kwicala eliphezulu okanye elisezantsi lesixeko.
Ukuthambisa iSindoor (umgubo we-orenji we-vermillion) ngexesha lokulungiswa kweenqwelo zokulwa ngokucula nokudanisa ngokwengoma yomculo wesintu ngexesha lomngcelele nako kwenziwa. Umsitho wokuhlaba ulwimi ubanjwa sisizwe samaShrestha sommandla wamaBode.
Umnyhadala ubhiyozelwa ekuqaleni konyaka omtsha waseNepali, owela phakathi ku-Epreli.
UBuddha Jayanti:
UBuddha Jayanti uphawula ukuzalwa kukaBuddha kwaye ngumthendeleko okhethekileyo wamaHindu kunye namaBhuda eNepal. Ibhiyozela ubomi beNkosi uBuddha kuwo onke amanqanaba-ukuzalwa kwakhe, ukukhanyiselwa, kunye nokufa. Kuthiwa uBuddha wazalwa, wafumana i-nirvana, kwaye wafa yonke inyanga ye-Baisakh - inyanga yokuqala kwikhalenda yaseNepali.
Abazinikeleyo bagcwala indawo yokuzalwa kaBuddha eLumbini ngalo mhla. Kuqhutywa umngcelele kusasa. Emini, kubakho iziganeko zenkcubeko. Ebusuku itempile kaMaya Devi - umama wokuzalwa kaBuddha uhonjiswe ngamawaka ezibane. KwiNtlambo yaseKathmandu, imbeko kuBuddha ihlawulwa kwi-stupas, ngakumbi eSwayambhunath naseBoudhanath. Ezi stupas zihonjiswe zizibane ezenza umbono onoxolo, ngakumbi ebusuku. Abalandeli kunye neemonki banikela ngamakhandlela, iintyatyambo, kunye neziqhamo ezahlukeneyo kwisimo seNkosi uBuddha. Kwakhona kutshiswa isiqhumiso, esizalisa umoya ngevumba elimnandi.
Ijongwa ngoMeyi.
UJanai Purnima:
IJanai Purnima ngumsitho wamaHindi obhiyozelwa kulo lonke elaseNepal ngokugcina amasiko namaHindu kunye nenkcubeko yamaShaman. Umnyhadala waqala njengohlaziyo lweJanai - intambo inxibe idiagonally, ukusuka egxalabeni lasekhohlo ukuya esinqeni sokunene, ukuwela isifuba kumadoda aseBrahmin, Kshatriya, kunye neVaishya caste. Kukholelwa ukuba iJanai ihlambulula umphefumlo kwaye ikhusela umzimba ebubini.
Lo mnyhadala uhlengahlengiswe kwiimibhiyozo ezahlukeneyo. Abazinikeleyo badibanisa nentambo engcwele ezihlahleni zabo ngolu suku. Ithafa elisezantsi libhiyozelwa njengeRakshya Bandhan, umnyhadala wokubhiyozela umanyano lothando nothando phakathi kwabazalwana noodade. AmaShaman aseKathmandu Valley nakwiindawo ezijikeleze iNepal nawo ayahlangana ukuze enze amasiko awo amandulo. Abemi base intlambo yaseKathmandu lungisa nesobho yomxube weembotyi ezibizwa ngokuba yiKwati njengokutya okukhethekileyo kosuku.
Kwenzeka ngexesha lenyanga epheleleyo rhoqo ngo-Agasti.
Gai Jatra:
IGai Jatra, ngokoqobo intsingiselo yomthendeleko wenkomo, ngumbhiyozo kwiNtlambo yaseKathmandu ukukhumbula ukufa kwabantu obathandayo. Umnyhadala waqala xa uKumkanikazi waseMalla wayezilela ukufa okungalindelekanga konyana wakhe. Ngelinge lokumthuthuzela, ukumkani wacela usapho ngalunye oluphulukene nesithandwa ukuba luphume ngomngcelele ukuya kubonisa ukumkanikazi ukuba akayedwanga ekubandezelekeni kwakhe.
Ebudeni balo mbhiyozo, amalungu entsapho, inkoliso yabangasekhoyo bonyaka ophelileyo, athumela abantu, inkoliso yabo ingabantwana abanxibe okweenkomo, ukuba baye kubukela ezitratweni. Izitrato ziphila ngokuzifihla njengeenkomo okanye iJhankis - amaxhwele anxibe imaski. Ukwabelana ngeentlungu kunye nokuthuthuzela ukwazi ukuba abathandekayo abalahlekileyo bakhuselekile sesona sizathu sibalulekileyo sokubhiyozela lo mthendeleko. Kukwasisithethe ukwaphula iincoko ezihlekisayo, iziqhulo, ukuphoxisa, kunye nokuma ngexesha leGai Jatra.
Ngokuqhelekileyo iwela ngoJulayi okanye ngo-Agasti.
NONE
Umthendeleko weTeej yisikhumbuzo sokuhlangana kwakhona kukaShiva noParvati, imini uShiva wamamkela njengomfazi wakhe. Ngumbhiyozo wabasetyhini abacela intsikelelo ekhethekileyo yeNkosi uShiva ukuze bafumane umyeni olungileyo kwaye bathandazele ubomi obude kunye nempumelelo.
Umbhiyozo wenziwa xa uParvati, intombi kaKumkani waseHimalaya, ezila ukutya kwaye ephila ubomi obunzima iminyaka emininzi efuna ukutshata noShiva. Ke, olu suku luphawulwa ngabasetyhini abazila ukutya kwaye babonise ukuzinikela kwabo ngokudanisa iiyure ebushushwini, emvuleni kwaye bangaseli namanzi okanye bangatyi ukutya imini yonke.
Abafazi abatshatileyo babizwa ngabazali babo ukuba badle kwisiganeko esibizwa ngokuba yiDar. Abasetyhini abanxibe isari ebomvu neluhlaza banokubonwa kulo lonke elaseNepal, ngakumbi; Imigca emide yabafazi abazama ukunqula kwitempile yasePashupatinath ngumbono wokwenyani onokubonwa. Ngosuku lwesithathu, abafazi banelisa abangcwele abasixhenxe ngokubanika ukutya, imali neminye iminikelo. Abanye bahlamba ngodaka olubomvu kwaye baxukuxe amazinyo ngeDatiwan - amasebe omthi otyholwa ngethemba lokusulungekiswa komphefumlo nomzimba.
Kwenzeka malunga no-Agasti.
Losar:
I-Losar ngumthendeleko obalulekileyo kuwo onke amaBhuda njengoko ubhiyozelwa ngokubanzi kwilizwe lonke. ILosar ithetha unyaka omtsha kwaye ibhiyozelwa eNepal ngeendlela ezintathu: iTamu Losar, Sonam Losar, kunye neGyalpo Losar. I-Tamu Lhosar iwela ekupheleni kukaDisemba okanye ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari. IGyalpo Lhosar ibhiyozelwa ngo-Epreli, ngelixa i-Sonam Lhosar ibhiyozelwa kwinyanga entsha kaMatshi.
Ngokwekhalenda yeGurung, uTamu Losar ubhiyozelwa liqela leGurung eNepal, ephawula ukuqala kweSambat Tamu. Kulungiselelwa amatheko enkcubeko, kwaye abantu banxiba iimpahla zesintu xa besiya kwezi nkqubo. Kwakhona, ngolo suku, baya kwimibhiyozo nakwimibhiyozo eyenziwa kwiindawo ezingcwele zamaBhuda.
UGyalpo Losar ubhiyozelwa liqela lesizwe sakwaSherpa kwaye uphawula ukuqala koNyaka oMtsha waseTibetan. Izindlu ziyacocwa, yaye ngokukodwa ikhitshi yindawo etyela kuyo intsapho. Ukubhiyozela uNyaka oMtsha, izitya ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zihanjiswa, ezifana neGuthunk - uhlobo lwe-dumpling, isobho esikhethekileyo esiquka indibaniselwano yenyama, i-yak cheese, irayisi, ingqolowa kunye nemifuno.
I-Sonam Losar ibhiyozelwa liqela lesizwe saseTamang eliphawula ukuqala konyaka omtsha waseTamang. Ngolu suku, abantu bacoce kwaye bahombise izindlu zabo kwaye batyelele izindlu zoonongendi ukuze bathandaze kwaye baxhome iiflegi. Olu suku luphinde lukhatshwe kukwenziwa komdaniso weSelo kunye nemisitho kwiimonki zamaBhuda kunye ne-stupas. Oku kwenziwa ukuphumelela amandla angalunganga kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso efanelekileyo.
Indra Jatra:
I-Indra Jatra ngowona mnyhadala omkhulu wenkolo yesitalato e-Kathmandu, ephawula ukuqala kwexesha lomnyhadala wenyanga ekwindla. Iphawula ukunqulwa kothixo u-Indra, ukumkani wezulu, noKumari, uthixokazi ophilayo.
UKumkani uGunakamadeva waqala umnyhadala wokukhumbula ukusekwa kwesixeko saseKathmandu. Umthendeleko uqala ngokumiswa kweLinga - ipali apho ibhanile ye-Indra ibanjwe khona. Imidaniso egqunywe ngesigqubuthelo somculo ngamagubu omculo eyenzeka esitratweni phantse rhoqo ngorhatya. Kukwakho neenqwelo zokulwa zaseKumari ngalo mnyhadala.
Iindawo ezingcwele kunye nezakhiwo zebhotwe zamandulo ezijikeleze iKathmandu Durbar Square ziyavutha ngamacingo e-oyile ngeli xesha lombhiyozo. Phambi kwetempile yeKumari, kukwakho umthetho obonisa ukuzalwa kweNkosi uVishnu.
Iwa ngoSeptemba.
Ghode Jatra:
Ghode Jatra FestivalI-Ghode Jatra iguqulelwe ngokufanelekileyo njengeparade yehashe, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, umnyhadala uquka imikhosi yamahashe eTundikhel, eKathmandu. Idemon uTundi kuthiwa ugrogrise abantu ixesha elide. Ekugqibeleni wabulawa, yaye abantu bavuya ngokukhwela amahashe phezu komzimba wakhe. Kukholelwa ukuba le demon isesisisongelo, yaye nyaka ngamnye kufuneka ingxokozelo yeempuphu zamahashe ukuze athintele umoya wakhe.
Ngaloo mini, ubhedu oluphezulu lomkhosi, amagosa aphezulu karhulumente, kunye noonozakuzaku beza eTundikhel ukuze babone umdyarho wamahashe kunye ne-acrobatics. Kukholelwa ukuba okukhona amahashe ebaleka ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona umoya weedemon woyisa ngokukhawuleza. Umdlalo wamahashe uboniswa kuthotho lobugcisa. Umkhosi ukwabonisa izakhono zabo njengeparatroopers ngenqwelomoya ebhabha kufutshane. Amaqela amatsha eentlanga kwiNtlambo yaseKathmandu nawo aphawula umthendeleko ngomthendeleko. Bakwaphethe imifanekiso kathixokazi uBhadrakali kunye nothixokazi uKankeshwari kwizitrato ezimxinwa zaseAsan nje phambi kobusuku bukaGhode Jatra.
Ibonwa minyaka le phakathi kuMatshi okanye ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli.
Gqi beleni,
Ukutyelela iNepal ngexesha leminyhadala yindlela eyiyo yokufumana ukubonakaliswa kwenkcubeko eNepal. Ukuba uceba ukuva inkcubeko yaseNepal kunye nenkcubeko, kuya kufuneka uhlolisise iNepal ngexesha lale minyhadala. Le minyhadala isasazwa unyaka wonke, ngoko ke, ngokulula kwakho, unokufumana ithuba lokudibana nenkcubeko yaseNepal.
