I-Everest Base Camp iTrek ihlala isenza indlela yayo ukuya phezulu kuluhlu njengenye ye Okona kulungileyo kweentaba zaseNepal. Yenye yezona ndawo zifunwa kakhulu ukukhenketha ehlabathini. Eyona nto ibalaseleyo kolu hambo kukujonga ubuhle obumangalisayo, obume kumphakamo we-(8848.86m).
Ubuhle beKhumbu Mountain Ranges abupheleli apho koluhambo. Ikwangumxube ochulumancisayo wezityalo nezilwanyana eziphefumlayo kunye nenkcubeko eyodwa kodwa eyolisayo yabantu abahlala elwandle. Ummandla we-Everest. Uhambo lwe-EBC lulolona phawu lufanelekileyo lwendlela olufanele ukuba njani uhambo olukwiindawo ezisemaphandleni zaseNepal.
Iimpawu eziphambili ze-Everest Base Camp Trek
- Imbonakalo entle emangalisayo yeMt. Everest kunye nezinye iiNgxilimbela zeKhumbu.
- Inqwelomoya ebukekayo kwaye eyonwabisayo eya eLukla isuka kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseKathmandu.
- Yiva ngokugqibeleleyo indlela yokuphila yasentabeni yasemaphandleni kwaye ufumane ithuba lokuqonda inkcubeko yeSherpa ekhethekileyo ukusuka kufutshane.
- Owona mxube uphefumlayo weentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezisaphilayo kule ntaba ingaqondakaliyo.
- Umbono ongaqondakaliyo weentaba ukusuka eKalapatthar.
I-EBC icetyiswa yiLonely Planet kunye neBBC ixesha elininzie
Indawo yamaphupha e-Everest Base Camp yeyona nto ifunwayo kwaye lolona hambo lucetyiswayo kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kungenxa yokuba iindledlana ze-Everest Base Camp zineziseko zoncedo ezininzi kunezinye iindlela zokuhamba ngeenyawo eNepal. Ngapha koko, ukujonga ezona ntaba ziphakamileyo ehlabathini akuyonto incinane.
Kwi-2002, i-BBC yase-UK yenza uluhlu olubanzi "lweendawo ezingama-50 zokutyelela ngaphambi kokuba ufe," phakathi kwayo i-Everest Base Camp, kuquka i-Gokyo Ri Trek ye-Everest Region, nayo yayinye. Ezinye izintlu ezininzi ezilungiselelwe ziisayithi ezaziwayo njengeLonely Planet ziya kukuxelela okufanayo. Isizathu sengcebiso ye-Everest Base Camp ayipheleli nje kubuhle bayo bendalo kodwa nakwimekobume etyebileyo ngokwenkcubeko. Abantu abasele belugqibile olu hambo bathetha ngendlela ebekuvuleleke ngayo amava, bebongoza abantu ukuba bandwendwele indawo nokuba kukanye ebomini babo.
Ukongeza kubuhle be-Everest Base Camp Trek, ikwayenye yeendlela ezishibhile zokuhamba emhlabeni. Sonke isizathu esingakumbi sokujoyina i-Everest Base Camp Trek namhlanje!
Iimpawu ezisixhenxe eziphambili ze-EBC Trek
Eyonwabileyo Inqwelomoya yaseKathmandu Lukla
Ukubhabha okubangel’ imincili ukusuka eKathmandu ukuya eLukla yenye yezona nqwelomoya zidumileyo eNepal. Esona sizathu siphambili sokuthandwa kwayo kukunyuka okumangalisayo kunye nokuwa kwi-Topography yaseNepal, eya kukugcina kumda wesihlalo sakho kulo lonke uhambo. Ngalo lonke ixesha lokubhabha, ungonwabela imbonakalo entle yeenduli eziluhlaza, amasimi axananazileyo, kunye neentaba ezinomtsalane.
Uhambo lwenqwelomoya lwemizuzu engama-35 lusuka eKathmandu (1300m) kwaye luphele kwiSikhululo seenqwelomoya saseTenzing-Hillary (2860m). Isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseLukla sisiqalo sazo zonke iihambo zokuhamba ngeenyawo kwiNgingqi ye-Everest. Umgaqo weenqwelo-moya omfutshane kunye ne-topography ecela umngeni sisizathu sokuba yaziwa ngokuba yi “esona sikhululo siyingozi emhlabeni.” Nangona kuyingozi, inqwelomoya ekhuselekileyo nekhuselekileyo yeyona nto iphambili kubaqhubi benqwelo-moya.Esi sisizathu sokuba kukho ukurhoxiswa rhoqo, naxa imozulu imbi kancinane.
Uninzi lwabantu abafuna imincili kwihlabathi liphela bangenela inqwelomoya yeLukla ngokungxama kweadrenaline, ngelixa kwabanye abaninzi, indawo ebukekayo yenza ukungxama kweadrenaline. Ikwafanelekile kubantu bayo yonke iminyaka; ungayonwabela inqwelomoya nkqu nabantwana bakho. Ngemini enelanga, unokujonga iincopho zeentaba ezili-18 eziphakamileyo, phakathi kwazo ezine zingaphezulu kwe-8000m. Ezona zibalaseleyo yiMt. Dhaulagiri (8167m) empuma kunye ne-Everest eNtshona, kunye nabanye abaninzi phakathi.
Amaxesha entwasahlobo nasekwindla lelona xesha lilungileyo leenqwelomoya ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu ezicace ngakumbi. Ukurhoxiswa kweenqwelomoya kunye nokulibaziseka kuxhaphakile ngexesha lemonsoon. Oku kungenxa yemvula esoloko inenkungu kunye nemozulu enenkungu, isenza kube nzima ukuhamba kwindlela yaseNepal ehlala inyuka kwaye iwa.
Yamandulo iNamche Bazaar
INamche Bazaar, emi kwi-3500m, yenye yezona ndawo zakudala zokurhweba kwiNgingqi yaseKhumbu. Ikwayindawo yokubonisa uhambo oluvuyisayo lweentaba kwiNgingqi ye-Everest. Ithandwa phakathi kwabahambi. Ikwayindawo yokwenyuka komgangatho njengoko abahambi bachitha usuku ukuya kwezimbini eNamche Bazaar ukufumana imizimba yabo iqhele uxinzelelo lomoya.
INamche Bazaar entle ibekwe phakathi kweentaba. Kwangoko ngasentshona yeNamche Bazar yiKongde Ri (6187m), ngelixa kwicala lasempuma kumi iThamserku (6623m). Unako kwakhona ukujonga i-Mt. Everest ebukekayo ukusuka kwi-Everest View Hotel, enye yezona ndawo ziphakamileyo zehotele.
Kukho ezinye izinto ezininzi onokuthi uzenze eNamche Bazaar ngaphandle kokujonga iMt. Everest. Ungayonwabela ikofu eshushu kwenye yeeBakeries zaseJamani, kunye necafe encinci kule ndawo okanye ukonwabele isiselo esimnandi kwiPub yaseIrish. Ukuba akunjalo, unokonwabela ukutya kwe-Himalayan njengeRigi Kur (iPancake zePotato), iTzen (i-millet roti), iThukpa (i-Noodles), i-Yak cheese, ibhotolo, njalo njalo. Kukwakho neNamche Monastery encinci ebekwe kwiThame Trail eyenzelwe abalandeli beTibetan Buddhism, kwaye ungandwendwela iMarike yaseNamche nayo.
Eyona nto imangalisayo yeNamche Bazaar bubukho bayo obutyebileyo benkcubeko kunye nabantu abahlala kwezi meko zinzima zeentaba. Uninzi lweendawo zokuhlala ziiSherpas, kubandakanya negcuntswana lezinye iinkcubeko zamaHindu. IBuddhism yaseTibetan yeyona nkcubeko ibalaseleyo, ilandelwa ngabantu abahlala apha. I-Namche Bazaar isamile ngexesha njengoko yayisenza kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo, ngenxa yobunzima bendawo. Inika inkangeleko egqibeleleyo kwinkcubeko entsonkothileyo kunye nendlela yokuphila yabantu abebehlala apha kangangezizukulwana.
Ingcwele yeMonastery yaseTengboche
I-Monastery yaseTengboche ime kwindlela ye-Everest Base Camp trek kumphakamo we-3867m. Kuthatha abakhenkethi malunga neentsuku ezintathu ukufikelela kwikhaya loonongendi ukusuka eLukla. Yakhiwa ngo-1916 nguLama Gulu I-Monastery yaseTengboche Isuka kunina woonongendi owaziwa ngokuba yiRongbuk Monastery. I-monastery yenye yeendawo ezingcwele zaseNepal, ngakumbi kubantu abalandela iBuddhism yaseTibet.
I-Tengboche yayiyenye yeemonki zokuqala zokungatshati Ummandla we-Everest. I-monastery inika abahambi umbono kwinkcubeko yaseTibetan Buddhism ehlala kwiNgingqi ye-Everest kangangamakhulu eminyaka. Ezinye zetempile iChortens kunye nezinye iindawo ezincinci zonqulo ezijikeleze ikhaya leemonki zakhiwa kwango-1800.
Ngaphakathi kulo mzi woonongendi kukho imizobo etyebileyo, imizobo eseludongeni, nezakhiwo ezibonisa inkcubeko yaseTibet. Omnye weyona mizobo ingaqhelekanga kwaye itsala amehlo yimizobo yodonga lweTarke-La ebonisa iiBodhisattvas ezahlukeneyo (iindlela ezahlukeneyo zikaBuddha). Igumbi lenkolo likaGuru Rimpoche ngomnye umbono onoxolo kwiMonastery yaseTengboche. Iindawo ezijikeleze i-monastery zihlala luluntu lwaseSherpa.
Ngaphandle kobukho obungcwele, iMonastery yaseTengboche ikwahlala phakathi kweentaba ezingaqondakaliyo. Imbono yeentaba ezifana ne-Ama Dablam (6812m), Mt. Everest, Taboche (6367m), kunye nezinye izigebenga ezigqunywe likhephu zoMmandla weKhumbu. Umqolo we-Himalayan osuka kwiMonastery yaseTengboche yeyona intle ngexesha lasebusika kunye neentaba ezisandul' ukukhithika.
Isakhiwo esinoxolo kunye namahlathi amahle ashinyeneyo kunye nentaba engasemva ye-Tengboche Monastery ibonelela ngendawo efanelekileyo yokucamngca. I-Monastery yaseTengboche ayinikezeli nje isidlo emehlweni kodwa ikwayindawo yokuphumla kunye nokukhangela umphefumlo. Iindawo ezinoxolo zommandla we-Everest, zidityaniswe nobukho obungcwele be-monastery, zenza indawo efanelekileyo yokucamngca.
Isityebi seNkcubeko yeSherpa
I-Sherpa yenye yezizwe zaseTibet ezifumaneka kwimimandla yeentaba zaseNepal. Uhambo oluya kwiNgingqi ye-Everest alugqibekanga ngaphandle kobukho beSherpas. Isizathu kukuba uninzi lwabahlali beNgingqi ye-Everest yiSherpas. Ngaloo ndlela, inkcubeko yaseSherpas yeyona ibalaseleyo kwiNgingqi yaseKhumbu. Nokuba ingaba sisithethe, iilokhwe, ulwimi, ukuya kwimibhiyozo, umzila oya eMt Everest uqulethe ubukho obunzulu beSiko likaSherpa.
Indawo yokuqala yokuhlaliswa koonothwal’ impahlana kwingingqi yaseSolukhumbu yayiyiSherpas. Igama elithi Sherpa lithatyathwe kwigama elithi Sherwa loLwimi lwaseSherpa, eliguqulela ngokukhululekileyo "kubantu basempuma" (i-shyar ithetha impuma kwaye pa ithetha abantu). Ngaphezulu kwezizwe ezingama-20 zikaSherpas ekuqaleni zaziphuma kwiziduko ezine eziphambili, oko kukuthi, uMingyapa, uThimmi, uSertawa, noChawa.
Kuyo yonke I-Everest Base Camp iTrek, uya kufumana amathuba amaninzi okudibana nabantu baseSherpa. Abantu bale ndawo baqhuba uninzi lweendawo zokulala kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Kukwakho neegompas ezininzi, iiChortens, izindlu zoonongendi, njalo njalo endleleni ebonisa iingcambu zaseTibetan ezityebileyo zeSherpas. Phakathi kwazo, enye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zoonongendi yiTengboche Monastery.
Isizukulwana esidala sinokubonwa sinxibe iimpahla zesintu zemidlalo njengeengubo ezinemikhono emide ezibizwa ngokuba yiKitycow zamadoda anechuba ebotshelelwe esinqeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo amabhinqa anxiba ilokhwe enemikhono emide ebizwa ngokuba yi-tongkok ene-raatuk (iblawuzi). Ezi mpahla zenziwa ngoboya beegusha. Ulwimi lwabahlali baseSherpa luxube lweelwimi zasempuma nezimbindi zaseTibet ezingaqondakaliyo kubantu abathetha isiLhasa.
Abantu basekuhlaleni bakwaSherpa baphila nesaci esiqhelekileyo saseNepal esithi “iindwendwe ziyafana nothixo.” Ke, badume ngokuba ngomnye wabona bantu bathembekileyo, abanobuhlobo, kunye nokwamkela abantu phaya emhlabeni. Ukuphila kwezi ntaba zinzima kangangeenkulungwane kuye kwabenza baba liqabane eligqibeleleyo kuhambo oluchulumancisayo lokunyuka iintaba. Uhambo oluya kwi-Everest Base Camp alunakugqibeka ngaphandle kokufumana umngeni kubomi bemihla ngemihla beSherpas. Ewe kunjalo, ayigqibekanga ngaphandle kokukhankanya ubuqhawe bokuQeqesha iNorgay Sherpa.
Everest Base Camp
Enye yezona ndawo zifunwa kakhulu kwihlabathi yi-Everest Base Camp. Yindawo yokuqala yokuzaliswa kwe-adrenaline Everest uhambo phakathi kolunye uhambo kunye nokhenketho kwingingqi yeentaba yaseSagarmatha. Zimbini iinkampu ze-Everest, phakathi kwazo i-South Base Camp ehlala eNepal, kwaye enye eMantla iseTshayina. I-South Base Camp yaseNepal imi kumphakamo owonwabisayo we-5364m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, ijonge iipanorama ezininzi zeentaba.
Uhambo lokuya kwi-Everest Base Camp luza neentaba ezintle kunye nobude bamahlathi. Kukuba kanye ebomini ukuphila ubomi bakho ngokwenyani kunye nodederhu lweentaba zaseNepal. U-Lukla uthatha abakhweli iintsuku ezilithoba ukuya kwindawo entle yokufikela ye-Everest Base Camp, kwaye uya kubuyela e-Kathmandu ngexesha leeveki ezi-2. Asiyondawo yokufikela ye-Everest Base Camp kuphela oya kuyonwabela njengoko lonke uhambo olukhokelela kuyo lunika umdla ngakumbi.
I-panorama emangalisayo njengoko ibonwa kwi-Everest Base Camp iquka i-Mt. Everest (8848.86m), i-Lhotse (8501m), i-Nuptse (7879m), i-Pumori (i-7165m), kunye neencopho ezingenakubalwa ezincinci kunye ezinkulu zoMmandla weKhumbu. Imboniselo yedome ye-Everest Base Camp yenye yezona mbono zifunwayo nezichukumisayo zentaba kwihlabathi jikelele.
Elona xesha lilungileyo lokujonga iintaba kubusika xa ikhephu elitsha lisanda kufika ezintabeni. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko zemozulu ebusika kunzima ukujamelana nazo. I-Everest Base Camp ke ngoko yamkela abona bahambi abaninzi ngexesha lekwindla nentwasahlobo.
Kalapatthar
Imi kumphakamo oyi-5555m, iKalapatthar ikwayenye yeendawo zaseNepal ezaziwayo kwihlabathi. Ikwayenye yezona ndawo zifunwa kakhulu emva kwe-Everest Base Camp, ikakhulu ngenxa yembono ewisa imihlathi yeentaba.
Ngokolwimi lwaseNepali, igama elithi 'Kala' lithetha 'uMnyama' kwaye 'uPatthar' lithetha 'ilitye".Ngoko ke, inguqulelo ngqo yeKalapatthar yi'Black rock,' igama elanikwa imbeko yesakhiwo sayo sejografi. Ngumqolo omncinci omi kanye ekuqaleni kwePumori. Ilitye ngokwalo lineflegi zomthandazo macala onke, lenza ukuba libonakale lula kuzo zonke ezinye iiflegi.
Umbono omangalisayo ovela eKalapatthar yeyona nto abantu bajonge phambili kuyo ngexesha le-Everest Base Camp Trek. Imi ngokugqibeleleyo kumda osemazantsi wePumori, ngaphezulu kweGorakshep. Umbono obalaseleyo weKalapatthar, ngokuqinisekileyo, umbono omangalisayo osondeleyo weMt. Everest. Ikwabonelela ngeyona mbono ifikelelekayo yeMt. Everest njenge Everest Massif igubungela indawo enkulu ye-Everest evela kwihlabathi liphela. Kunye ne-Everest, unokujonga nezinye izakhiwo zeKhumbu njengeNuptse, Changtse, kunye neLhotse. I-Kalapatthar yenye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zokujonga kwiNgingqi ye-Everest ngenxa yolu mbono womlingo weentaba, ongazukufumana naphi na.
Ngenxa yokuthambeka okuthe rhoqo, iKalapatthar ikwayenye yezona nduli zinzima ukoyisa. Amaxesha obusika kunye neemonsoon (ehlotyeni) afuneka kakhulu ngenxa yeendlela ezimtyibilizi kunye neemeko zemozulu ezimbi. Amaxesha asekwindla nasentwasahlobo akhululeke ngakumbi kodwa akwinqanaba lobunzima obuphakathi ngenxa yembonakalo erhabaxa yaseKalapatthar. Nokuba yintoni na, akufuneki ukhathazeke; indawo yokuya ekupheleni enombono omangalisayo ngokuqinisekileyo kufanelekile ukugawula.
Sagarmatha National Park
Indawo yeLifa leMveli ye-UNESCO yePaki yeSizwe yaseSagarmatha yiyo yonke into onokuyinqwenela nangaphezulu kwiNgingqi yaseKhumbu. Igcwele intaphane yezityalo nezilwanyana, kunye neNtaba i-Everest engaqondakaliyo, bubutyebi obuyimfuneko ehlabathini. Iqulathe imikhenkce emininzi, iintlambo ezinzulu, iintaba eziphakamileyo, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana zasendle ezinqabileyo neziphantse zaphela.
ISagarmatha National Park yaqala ukuduma ngo-1976 ngendawo eyi-1148sq. Km. Kamva yabizwa ngokuba yi-UNESCO World Heritage Site ngo-1979. Umhlaba wale paki ulandela imilambo yaseDudhkoshi kunye neBhotekoshi. Ikwalikhaya kwezinye zezona ncopho ziphakamileyo zehlabathi, njengeLhotse, Cho Oyu, Thamserku, kunye neNuptse.
Umphakamo osezantsi wale paki unamahlathi ompayina nawehemlock, yaye njengoko ubude busanda, i<em>fir, juniper, birch, rhododendron, nolunye uhlaza lwealpine lubonakala ngakumbi. Izilwanyana ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga ezifana neeRed Pandas, Snow Leopard, Musk Deer, Himalayan Thar, Himalayan Mouse Hare, njalo njalo zithatha iSagarmatha National Park njengekhaya labo. Zingaphezulu kwe-118 iintlobo zeentaka, kubandakanya i-Impeyan Pheasant, i-Snow Cock, i-Blood Pheasant, i-Red-Billed Cough, njl.
Le paki ikwayindawo etyebileyo ngokonqulo. Iimonki ezidumileyo kwihlabathi kunye neegompas ezinje ngeTengboche, Khumjung, kunye nePangboche zikhona eSagarmatha National Park. Uninzi lwabemi balandela ubuBhuda kunye nobuHindu. ISagarmatha National Park yenye yezona paki zidumileyo eNepal ngembali yayo etyebileyo kunye nenkcubeko.
isiphelo
I-Everest Base Camp Trek ngumzamo wokuhamba intaba kunye namava akanye ebomini kubahambi kwihlabathi liphela. Liphupha lakhe wonke umhambi weentaba ehlabathini. Umxube wembono yasezulwini yeentaba, ingqokelela echukumisayo yezityalo nezilwanyana, kunye namava angenakulibaleka endlela yokuphila yasentabeni yeyona nto ikhethekileyo ye-EBC trek. Kukho isizathu sokuba i-Everest Base Camp Trek yenye yezona ndawo zifunwa kakhulu kwihlabathi, kwaye ngamava enkcubeko, ngokomoya, kunye nangokwenyama yonke into edibeneyo kuhambo olunye. Ayinguye wonke umntu onokuba nethuba lokutsho ukuba bajonge eyona ncopho iphakamileyo yehlabathi ngamehlo abo.
