I-Everest Base Camp iwuhambo oludume kakhulu noluyingozi emhlabeni. Lolu hambo lukuholela phansi kwentaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iMount Everest. Lokhu I-Everest Base Camp Trek ihlanganisa imibono emangalisayo yeziqongo ezimbozwe yiqhwa, izinguzunga zeqhwa, kanye nezindawo ezinhle kakhulu phakathi kwezintaba ze-Himalaya Isifunda sase-Everest.
Uzokwazi isiko namasiko acebile abantu bakwaSherpa abasendleleni, okuyindawo yabo lesi sifunda. Imvamisa kulinganiselwa ukuthi izowela phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-12-14 zesikhathi, kuzo amamitha angu-5,364 noma amafidi angu-17,598 ahlala eyindawo ephakeme kakhulu. I-Everest Base Camp. Okuhlukile okufanela abantu abangenaso isikhathi esiningi kangako I-Everest Base Camp Trek emfushane, lapho okungenhla kwenziwa phakathi nesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, iningi labahamba ngezinyawo banenselelo eyodwa enkulu okufanele bonke abahambeli bakwazi ukugula. Ngenkathi umuntu eqala ukuya phezulu, kulandela ukuthi umoya kancane kancane uba mncane; ngalokho, umoya-mpilo ozowuphefumula uyoba mncane; lokhu kuholela emiphumeleni yezimpawu zekhanda elibuhlungu, isicanucanu, isiyezi, nokuphelelwa umoya.
Ngezimo eziya ziba zimbi, izimpawu ezibaluliwe zithambekele ekwandiseni izifo ezibulalayo ezihlobene namaphaphu noma ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zobuchopho. Kuyingcuphe engathi sína abagibeli bezitimela okudingeka bazilungiselele.
I-Everest Base Camp Trek 14 Days ikunikeza isikhathi esanele sokujwayela nokulungisa ukuphakama, kodwa ukulungiselela kusewukhiye. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini ukugula kwe-altitude, ukuthi uzibona kanjani izimpawu, nokuthi ungazijwayela kanjani ukuya ezindaweni eziphakeme kancane kancane.
Ukuthatha isikhathi sakho ukuze ujwayelane, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi, nokuphumula lapho kudingeka zonke izindlela zokuvimbela ukugula kwe-altitude. Ukwazi ukuthi kufanele ujike nini futhi ucele usizo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokulungiselela okulungile, ungakwazi ukuqedela ngokuphephile i-Everest Base Camp Trek futhi ube nolwazi oluhle kakhulu ongasoze wakukhohlwa.
Ukuqonda Ukugula Kwe-Altitude
I-Altitude sickness, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Acute Mountain Sickness, noma i-AMS, ihlanganisa nezimpawu ongase ube nazo ezindaweni eziphakeme, lapho umoya unomoya-mpilo omncane. Kuyinkinga evamile kubahambi abavakashela i-Everest Base Camp, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukhuphukela phezulu kwamamitha angu-2,500 (8,200 amafidi).
Ngokukhuphuka kokuphakama, umoya-mpilo uyancipha, futhi umzimba udinga isikhathi esithile sokujwayela lolu shintsho. Uma umzimba wakho ungajwayelani kahle, uqala ukuzizwa ungaphathekile kahle ngezimpawu ezinjengokukhanda ikhanda, isicanucanu, nokukhathala.
Izimbangela zokugula kwe-Altitude
Ngokukhuphuka kokuphakama, umoya uba mncane, uqukethe umoya-mpilo omncane. Umzimba wakho udonsa kanzima ukuthola umoya-mpilo owanele, ikakhulukazi uma ukhuphuka ngokushesha kakhulu. Uma ungawuniki umzimba wakho isikhathi sokujwayela, kungaholela ekuguleni kokuphakama kokuphakama. Uma umuntu ekhuphuka ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokuphumula noma ukuphumula okufanele, umzimba wakhe ungase ungabi sesimweni sokubekezelela ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo, ngaleyo ndlela ukuvela kwezimpawu ezifana nesiyezi nekhanda.
Izimpawu zokugula kwe-Altitude
Izimpawu zokuqala zokugula kwe-altitude zingaba mnene. Ungase uphathwe yikhanda, uzizwe ucanuzela inhliziyo, unesiyezi, noma ukhathele nje. Lezi izimpawu ezivamile ezingase zibhekane nazo ngokuphumula okulula kanye nokudla okuningi kwamanzi. Nokho, uma lezi zimpawu ziba zimbi nakakhulu, kungase kusho okuthile okungathi sína. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, umuntu angase abe nezinkinga zokuphefumula, ukudideka, noma ubunzima bokuhamba.
Lokhu ekugcineni kungadala izimo ezinzima, eziyingozi ezihlanganisa i-High Altitude Pulmonary Edema, ukunqwabelana koketshezi emaphashini, noma i-High-Altitude Cerebral Edema, okuwukuvuvukala kobuchopho. Lezi zimo zibucayi kakhulu futhi zidinga ukunakwa ngokushesha.
Ukuphakama kanye Nengozi
Ukugula kwe-altitude ngokuvamile kuqala ukukhathazeka ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-2,500 (8,200 amafidi), kodwa uma uya phezulu, kuba kubi nakakhulu. Ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-3,500 (amafidi angu-11,500), izimpawu zingaqina. Uma ulibangise e-Everest Base Camp, uzofinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-5,364 (17,598 amafidi), lapho umoya-mpilo umncane kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, ingozi yesifo sikashukela iphezulu.
Ukuze uhlale uphephile, kubalulekile ukukhuphuka kancane, uthathe ikhefu njalo, uhlale ugcwele amanzi, futhi unikeze umzimba wakho isikhathi sokuzijwayeza ukuya endaweni ephakeme.
Izingozi Zokugula kwe-Altitude
Kunezinto ezimbalwa ezingakhulisa amathuba akho okuthola isifo se-altitude ohambweni lwakho. Mhlawumbe ingozi embi kakhulu ukukhuphuka ngokushesha ngaphandle kokunikeza umzimba wakho isikhathi esanele sokujwayela ukuphakama okuphezulu. Uma ukhuphuka ngokushesha kakhulu ungaphumuli, cishe uzogula. Okwesibili, uma uke waba nesifo se-altitude ngaphambilini, kusho ukuthi usengozini enkulu yokuphinde ubhekane naso.
Isimo sakho somzimba sibalulekile. Uma ungekho esimweni esihle noma usukhathele kakade, umzimba wakho uzoba nesikhathi esinzima sokubhekana nokuphakama okuphezulu. Iminyaka yobudala nayo idlala indima: abahamba ngezinyawo abancane nabadala bangazwela kakhulu ekuguleni kwe-altitude.
Izimo zempilo ezivele zikhona zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu izinkinga. Umzimba wakho awukwazi nje ukukhuphuka phezulu ngezinkinga zokuphefumula nezenhliziyo ngenxa yokuthi izinga le-oxygen liphansi, ngakho lokho kungase kukwenze ube sengozini yokugula.
Okokugcina, isivinini sibalulekile ekuhambeni kwakho. Uma umuntu ezama ukukhuphuka ngokushesha okukhulu, lokhu akuwuvumeli umzimba ithuba elihle lokujwayela ukuguquka kokuphakama kokuphakama, futhi lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokugula kokuphakama kwendawo. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlala uphephile ukuwuthatha kancane, uphuze amanzi amaningi, futhi unikeze umzimba wakho isikhathi esiningi sokuzijwayeza ukuya endaweni ephakeme.
Indlela Yokulungiselela Ukugula Kwendawo Ephakeme
Ukulungiselela ngokomzimba
Umzimba wakho kufanele ube sesimweni esihle kakhulu ngaphambi kokuphuma kuhambo lwe-Everest Base Camp. Ukuzivocavoca umzimba okuvamile njengokugijima, ukubhukuda, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili kuzothuthukisa amandla akho futhi kwenze inhliziyo namaphaphu akho kuqine.
Ngokufanayo, ukukhuphuka imiqansa kudinga imilenze eqinile, futhi lokho kudinga ama-squats namaphaphu. Izinsuku ohambweni zizoba zinde ngokuhamba okude; ngakho-ke, lokhu kuzogwema ukukhathala ngokweqile noma ukulimala.
Uma uku-Everest Base Camp Trek, khona-ke ukulungisa umzimba wakho futhi usethelwe ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba kwenza uhambo lwakho lube mnandi futhi lufinyeleleke.
Amaqhinga Wokujwayela
Ezindaweni eziphakeme, umzimba udinga isikhathi esithile ukuze ujwayele umoya omncane. Le nqubo ye-acclimatization iyadingeka ekuvimbeleni ukugula kokuphakama. Ukujwayelana kufanele kwenziwe ngokukhuphukela phezulu kancane, okunganikeza umzimba isikhathi esanele senqubo yokujwayela.
Phakathi nohambo, ukuchitha izinsuku ezengeziwe ezindaweni ezifana neNamche Bazaar naseDingboche kusiza umzimba wakho ukujwayela indawo ephakeme. Lezi zinsuku zokuphumula ziyisihluthulelo sokugwema ukugula kwe-altitude nokuqinisekisa uhambo oluphephile.
Isu elilodwa eliwusizo lokusiza ukujwayela umthetho "wokukhuphukela phezulu, lala phansi". Okusho ukuthi, udinga ukukhuphukela phezulu ngesikhathi sosuku kodwa ubuyele endaweni ephansi ukuze ulale. Ngale ndlela, umzimba wakho ukujwayela kancane kancane, futhi ukuphakama ngeke kube nzima kangako ukukuthwala ngemva kwesikhathi esithile.
Usuku Lokuphumula
Ezinye izinto ezibalulekile ekulungiseleleni zihlanganisa izinsuku zokuphumula. Ngemuva kwezinzuzo eziphakeme zokuphakama, ikakhulukazi lapho ufika ezindaweni ezinjengeNamche Bazaar noma i-Dingboche, umzimba wakho udinga isikhathi ukuze ululame.
Izinsuku zokuphumula zivumela umzimba wakho ukuthi uvumelane nokuphakama futhi ululame ekuzikhandleni ngokomzimba. Phakathi nalezi zinsuku, ungathatha uhambo olufushane endaweni ukuze ugcine umzimba wakho unyakaza ngaphandle kokuzicindezela kakhulu. Lokhu kulinganisela kokuphumula nokusebenza okulula kuqinisa umzimba wakho engxenyeni elandelayo yohambo.
Ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba, ukujwayela okufanele, kanye nezinsuku zokuphumula konke kubalulekile ukugwema ukugula kokuphakama. Uma ubhekene ne-Short Everest Base Camp Trek, ukulandela lezi zinyathelo kuzokusiza ukuthi uhlale uphephile futhi ujabulele uhambo. Ngokulalela umzimba wakho futhi ungajahi, ungafinyelela ngokuphephile e-Everest Base Camp futhi ujabulele ukubukwa okumangalisayo.
Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela I-Altitude Sickness
Ukukhuphuka Okunensayo Nokuzinzile
Ukuvimbela ukugula kwe-altitude kudinga ukunyuka kancane kancane. Lapho uya phezulu, umoya uba mncane, futhi umzimba wakho udinga isikhathi ukuze ubukele umkhathi ongavamile. Kufanele njalo ukhuphukele phezulu ngejubane elincane. I-Everest Base Camp Trek ilandela igxathu elibekwe kahle elivumela ukujwayela.
Kulolu hambo, uzobe uhlele izinsuku zokuphumula noma izinsuku ezindaweni ezifana neNamche Bazaar neDingboche. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele uphumule futhi uvumele umzimba wakho uvumelane nokuphakama. Khumbula, ukuthatha kancane kuzokusiza ugweme ukugula kwe-altitude.
Ukunyakaza
Ukuphuza amanzi amaningi kubaluleke kakhulu kuhambo oluya endaweni ephakeme. Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kuthuthukisa ubulukhuni bokugula kwe-altitude; ngakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umzimba womuntu ugcwele amanzi. Phuza amanzi amaningi njalo, ngisho noma ungazizwa womile. Ungase futhi uphuze itiye le-herbal neziphuzo ezithuthukisiwe ze-electrolyte. Gcina ibhodlela nawe futhi uphuze usuku lonke. Ukuzigcina ugcwele amanzi kuzokugcina uzizwa umusha futhi kukhuphule izinga lakho lamandla ngenkathi uhamba ngezinyawo.
Ukudla Okulinganiselayo
Okudlayo ngaphambi kohambo nakho kukwenza ukwazi ukuphuma uzizwe unamandla. Ukugcizelela kufanele kuqale ngokudla okunama-carbohydrate amaningi, ikakhulukazi irayisi, i-pasta, namazambane, aphethisa umzimba wakho futhi awunikeze amandla asheshayo; ukudla okuncane kuqinisekisa ngisho nokuhlakazeka kokuqina usuku lonke. Ukudla okunomsoco kusiza ukukugcina uqinile futhi ugcwele amandla kulolu hambo.
Imithi Yokuvimbela
Uma ukhathazekile ngokugula kwe-altitude, khona-ke kukhona umuthi owaziwa ngokuthi i-Diamox noma, ngokuvamile owaziwa ngokuthi i-acetazolamide, ozokusiza. Lokhu kuzosiza umzimba wakho ukujwayela ukuphakama okuphezulu ngokushesha futhi kunciphise amathuba okugula. Udokotela wakho uzoba sesimweni esihle sokweluleka ukuthi uyiphuze nini futhi kanjani futhi uyohlale ehlola noma yimiphi imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona. Uma kwenzeka ukuthatha, vele uqiniseke ukuthi ulandela iseluleko sikadokotela.
Ukwengeza Oxygen
Phezulu phezulu, kunomoya-mpilo omncane emkhathini, futhi abanye abahamba ngezinyawo bangase babe nobunzima bokuphefumula. Ukwengezwa komoya-mpilo kungasiza ngempela uma umuntu ekhathazekile lapho ephefumula. Ezinye izindawo ohambweni zinikeza umoya-mpilo, ikakhulukazi uma uzizwa ugula noma uphelelwa umoya. Lo moya-mpilo owengeziwe, uma uthambekele ekuguleni indawo ephakeme, ungakwenza uzizwe ungcono futhi uqhubeke nohambo lwakho ngokuphepha.
Ukuhamba ngoMhlahlandlela
Ukuba nomhlahlandlela kanye nawe kungenye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokuhlala uphephile futhi ugweme ukugula kwe-altitude. Umhlahlandlela uzokwazi izimpawu zokugula kwe-altitude futhi akunakekele ngendlela efanele uma uqala ukuzizwa ungaphilile. Bazoqinisekisa ukuthi ulandela zonke izinqubo ezifanele, okuhlanganisa ukuthatha izinsuku zokuphumula kanye nokugcina uhlanzekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, abaqondisi bayazazi izinqamuleli nezinye izindlela; ngakho-ke, basesimweni sokwenza uhambo lungabi nzima.
Uma ulandela lezi zinyathelo ezilula nje, kulula kakhulu ukunqanda ukugula kwe-altitude, futhi uzokwazi ukujabulela uhambo lwakho—kungaba uhambo olude lwe-Everest Base Camp noma uhambo olufushane lwe-Everest Base Camp. Thatha kancane, uphuze amanzi amaningi, udle kahle, futhi ulalele umzimba wakho!
Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Uthola Ukugula Kwe-Altitude?
Ziqaphele Izimpawu
Kubalulekile ukubona izimpawu zokuqala zokugula kwe-altitude ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha. Uma uzwa ubuhlungu bekhanda, isicanucanu, isiyezi, noma ukhathele ngendlela engavamile, kungase kube ukugula kokuphakama kwezulu. Lezi zimpawu ziyisixwayiso sokuthi umzimba wakho udonsa kanzima ngenxa yokuphakama okuphezulu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuthi ungazinaki.
Izenzo Ezisheshayo
Into enengqondo kakhulu ongayenza kulesi simo ukwehla ngokushesha endaweni ephansi uma izimpawu zingezimbi kakhulu. Kulesi simo, ngokwesibonelo, usohambweni lwe-Everest Base Camp, ubuyela lapho uzizwe ulungile-ngokwesibonelo, i-Namche Bazaar noma i-Dingboche-rest well, phuza amanzi amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ungayi endaweni ephakeme nakakhulu uze uqale ukuzizwa ungcono. Ukunikeza umzimba wakho isikhathi sokuzilungisa ngokuphumula nangokufaka amanzi emanzini kungenza umehluko omkhulu.
Nini Ukufuna Usizo
Uma izimpawu zakho ziba zimbi nakakhulu, njengokuthi uma uqala ukuzizwa udidekile, unenkinga yokuphefumula, noma ulahlekelwa ibhalansi, udinga ukwehla uye endaweni ephansi ngokushesha. Lezi kungaba izimpawu ezingathi sína, futhi akufanele uzishaye indiva. Umqondisi wakho kanye nomphathi wempahla, abaqeqeshelwe ukuphatha ukugula kokuphakama kwendawo, bazokwazi kahle ukuthi benzeni kulezi zimo. Bazokusiza ukuthi ufike endaweni ephephile ngokushesha.
Ukuphuma Kwendiza Ehamba Phambili
Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu-uma, yithi, izimpawu zakho zingathuthuki, ukukhishwa ngendiza enophephela emhlane kungase kudingeke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuthatha umuntu ukuya endaweni ephansi ukuze alulame. Uma kwenzeka lokhu, umhlahlandlela uzobe ehlela okufanayo ngenxa yokukhathazeka mayelana nokuphepha kwakho.
Lezi zimpawu, uma zibonwa futhi zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi, yizo ezizokugcina uphephile, ujabulele uhambo lwakho. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lalela umhlahlandlela wakho futhi uthathe impilo ngokungathi sína.
Isiphetho
Nakuba ukugula kwe-altitude kungase kube isici ku-Everest Base Camp Trek, kuningi umuntu angakwenza ukuze anciphise izingozi ezihilelekile. Yazi izimpawu, hlala umanzi, futhi uthathe isikhathi sakho ukujwayelana-okhiye bakho bokuphepha.
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo okuqondisiwe nakho kuyindlela enhle kakhulu kukho. Abaqondisi abanjalo bayazi ngokugula kwe-altitude, futhi bayaqiniseka ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu ephathelene nokuphepha kwakho izolandelwa. Ukuhamba kancane nokulalela umzimba wakho kuzokusiza ukuthi ujabulele uhambo ngaphandle kokulusebenzisa ngokweqile.
Indaba yokuphepha kufanele kube yinto yokuqala efika emqondweni. Chitha isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze uzilungiselele ngokufanele, okuzomisa umuntu kulolu hambo oluphumelelayo nolujabulisayo. Thola indlela yokucabanga kahle ngokunakekela okuncane, futhi ufinyelele i-Everest Base Camp ukuze uthole uhambo oluthile olumangalisa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, hlela kusengaphambili, qaphela, futhi uhambo lwakho nakanjani luyoba okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho konke ukuphila kwakho konke.
