Isingeniso
INepal, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iFederal Democratic Republic of Nepal, iyizwe elivaliwe eliphakathi komakhelwane ababili abakhulu, iChina enyakatho neNdiya eningizimu, empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo bendawo, iNepal idume umhlaba wonke ngenxa yezindawo zayo ezimangalisayo, ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko, futhi ikakhulukazi izintaba zayo ezimangalisayo ze-Himalaya. Izwe lisuka emathafeni ayisicaba aseTerai eningizimu kuya eziqongweni eziphakeme ze-Himalayas enyakatho, linikeza ukuhlukahluka okumangalisayo kwesimo sezulu, indawo, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. INepal ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “Izwe Lezintaba Zase-Himalaya” ngenxa yokuthi iyikhaya lezintaba eziyisishiyagalombili kwezingu-14 eziphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, zonke zingaphezu kwamamitha angu-8,000 (26,246 ft).
Igugu lomqhele laseNepal yiMount Everest, eyaziwa endaweni ngokuthi iSagarmatha eNepali kanye neChomolungma eTibetan, emi kumamitha ayi-8,848.86 (29,031.7 ft), okuyenza ibe intaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. I-Everest iheha abaqwali, abahamba ngezinyawo, kanye nabahambahambayo abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba, okufanekisela kokubili inselele kanye nokunqoba. Ngaphandle kwe-Everest, ezinye iziqongo ezivelele zihlanganisa iKanchenjunga (8,586 m), intaba yesithathu ukuphakama emhlabeni; I-Lhotse (8,516 m); UMakalu (8,485 m); I-Cho Oyu (8,188 m); I-Dhaulagiri (8,167 m); I-Manaslu (8,163 m); kanye no-Annapurna I (8,091 m). Ngayinye yalezi zintaba inomlando wayo, isiko nomlando wokuqwala izintaba.
Izintaba zaseHimalaya azikona nje ubude bazo; zingcwele futhi kubantu baseNepal. Iziqongo eziningi zibhekwa njengezingcwele futhi zihlotshaniswa nonkulunkulu bobuHindu nobuBuddha. Ngokwesibonelo, iMachhapuchhre, noma “iNtaba yaseFishtail,” eduze kwasePokhara, kukholelwa ukuthi ingcwele eNkosini uShiva futhi ayikhuphuki ngenxa yokuhlonipha ukubaluleka kwayo okungokomoya. Ngokufanayo, iMount Kailash, nakuba iseTibet, inokuxhumana okujulile kwamasiko nangokomoya nabantu baseNepal.
Izifunda ezisezintabeni zaseNepal nazo ziwumthombo wemifula emikhulu njengeKoshi, iGandaki, neKarnali, esekela ukuphila nezolimo emathafeni. Izintaba zaseHimalaya zineqhaza ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezicebile zaleli zwe, zibamba izilwane eziyivelakancane njengengwe yeqhwa, i-panda ebomvu ne-Himalayan monal, inyoni yesizwe yaseNepal. Ukuphakama okuhlukahlukene—kusuka kumamitha angu-60 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle eTerai kuya esiqongweni esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni enyakatho—kudala izimiso zemvelo eziyingqayizivele endaweni encane kakhulu.
Ngokwesiko, izintaba ziyikhaya lezizwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezifana namaSherpa, amaGurung, amaTamang, namaMagars, asebezijwayelanise nendlela yokuphila ephakeme. Ama-Sherpa, ikakhulukazi, adume emhlabeni wonke ngamakhono awo amangalisayo okuqwala izintaba kanye negalelo ohambweni lwase-Himalaya. Le miphakathi igcina amasiko ahlukile, imikhosi, nemikhuba ecebisa ubuciko bendabuko baseNepal.
Ukuvakasha eNepal ikakhulukazi kuqhutshwa izintaba zakhona. Uhambo olufana ne-Everest Base Camp Trek, i-Annapurna Circuit, i-Langtang Valley Trek, ne-Manaslu Circuit luheha izinkulungwane zabahamba ngezinyawo unyaka ngamunye. Izintaba azigcini nje ngokunikeza i-adventure kodwa futhi nokuzola, nezindawo ezimangalisayo, izindlu zezindela zasendulo, nemizana emihle egudle imigwaqo. Ukugibela izintaba eNepal kuyithuba kanye nenselele, njengoba abaqwali bebhekene nesimo sezulu esibi, ama-avalanche, nesifo esisezingeni eliphezulu ngenkathi bephishekela amaphupho abo.
Ngokomnotho, izintaba ze-Himalaya zibalulekile eNepal. Ukuvakasha kwasezintabeni kunikeza abaqondisi, abathwali, abanikazi bamahhotela, nenqwaba yabantu bendawo imisebenzi, okunikela kakhulu emnothweni wezwe. Amaphrojekthi kagesi wamanzi emifuleni yasezintabeni nawo ahlinzeka ngamandla okuthuthukisa. Nokho, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuye kwavela njengosongo olukhulu, okubangela ukuba izinguzunga zeqhwa zincibilike, kwadala izikhukhula zokuqhuma kwe-glacial lake (GLOFs), futhi kwashintsha ukuphila kwemiphakathi esezintabeni.
Ngale kwe-adventure nomnotho, izintaba zinencazelo engokomfanekiso kubantu baseNepalese. Zimelela ukuqina, ingokomoya, nokuziqhenya. Babonakala njengabanakekeli besizwe, behlinzeka ngobuhle bemvelo futhi badonsa ukunaka komhlaba wonke. I-Mount Everest, ikakhulukazi, isiphenduke uphawu lobunikazi beNepal emhlabeni.
Empeleni, iNepal nezintaba zayo akuhlukaniseki. Izintaba ze-Himalaya eziphakeme zilolonga isiko lezwe, umnotho, indawo ezungezile, nokuqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele. Baheha abahambi abafuna inselele, abahambi abafuna ingokomoya, nabahambi abafuna ubuhle. Naphezu kokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje, izintaba zihlala ziwubufakazi obuthule, obubabazekayo, nabaphakade bohambo lwaseNepal emlandweni.
Ikwindla (September-November) kanye nentwasahlobo (March-May) yizinkathi ezingcono kakhulu zokuvakasha eNepal. Uzobingelelwa ngesibhakabhaka esicwathile nomoya opholile phakathi nalezi zikhathi zonyaka. Izindlela zokuhamba zomile kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthontaza okungalindelekile. Akhona futhi amathuba ambalwa okubambezeleka kwendiza nokukhanselwa, ukuze ujabulele isikhathi sakho e-Nepal ngaphandle kokukhathazeka. Kodwa-ke, lezi yizikhathi zokuvakasha eziphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke, uzohlangana nethrafikhi eningi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinkulu zezivakashi.
Uhambo lwasebusika ezindaweni eziphakeme alukhuthazwa ngenxa yengozi ye iziqhwa kanye nesifo se-altitude. Nakuba abanye bengase bakujabulele ukubona izintaba ezimbozwe yiqhwa njengoba befika lapho beya khona. I-Monsoon (May-August) ingenye yezikhathi ezimbi kakhulu zokuhamba ngezinyawo ngenxa yemvula enamandla, ukukhanselwa njalo kwezindiza, nemizila eshelelayo yokuhamba ngezinyawo, esebenza njengengozi yokuhamba. Noma kunjalo, ungahamba uye ezindaweni ezinomthunzi wemvula I-Upper Dolpo, I-Dolpo ephansi, futhi Upper Mustang (lo-Manthang) phakathi nenkathi yezimvula ezinkulu.
Yini i-Trekking?
Ukuhamba kuwuhlobo lwe uhambo olujabulisayo lokuhamba kwenziwa ngezinyawo, imvamisa ezinsukwini eziningi, ezindaweni zemvelo ezinjengezintaba, amahlathi, izigodi, nemizana yasemakhaya. Ngokungafani nokuhamba ngezinyawo okulula, okuvamise ukuba umsebenzi omfushane wosuku olulodwa, ukuhamba ngezinyawo kuhilela imizila emide, izindawo ezihlukahlukene, ukuhlala ubusuku bonke, kanye nokucwiliswa okujulile kumasiko nemvelo. Ingenye yemisebenzi yangaphandle edume kakhulu eNepal nakwezinye izintaba zomhlaba.
Nansi incazelo enemininingwane yokuhamba ngezinyawo:
1. Incazelo ye-Trekking
Igama ukuhamba ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa ku- uhambo lwezinsuku eziningi zokuhamba ezindaweni lapho izinto zokuhamba zesimanje zingatholakali kalula.
Akukhona nje ukuhamba kodwa futhi mayelana nokubona indawo yendawo, indawo ezungezile, nezindlela zokuphila endleleni.
Ama-Trekkers ngokuvamile adlula emadolobhaneni, emahlathini, emifuleni nasezindaweni eziphakeme kuyilapho ejabulela ukubukwa kwentaba okumangalisayo.
2. Umehluko phakathi kwe-Trekking nokuhamba ngezinyawo
Izintaba ngokuvamile ukuhamba okufushane, okulula (amahora ambalwa noma usuku olulodwa) ezindleleni ezimakwe kahle.
Ukuhamba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inselele kakhulu, ihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amasonto, futhi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izindlela ezimbi, ezikude, neziphakeme kakhulu.
3. Inhloso Yokuhamba ngezinyawo
Ukuzidela: Ukuhlola izindawo ezikude nezisendle.
Imvelo: Ukuzwa izintaba, imifula, amahlathi, nezilwane zasendle.
Amasiko: Ukuze uhlangane nabantu bendawo, funda ngamasiko abo, futhi ujabulele impilo yasemaphandleni.
Impilo Nokufaneleka: I-Trekking iwukuzivocavoca umzimba okuhle kakhulu, ukuthuthukisa amandla nokukhuthazela.
Ukuthula Kokomoya Nokwengqondo: Abahambi abaningi bathola umuzwa wokuzola nokucabangela endalweni.
4. Lokho Okuhilelekile Ukuhamba
Izindlela zokuhamba: Ngokuvamile amahora angu-4-8 wokuhamba ngosuku ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene njengemizila enamatshe, amahlathi, nemiqansa.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ubusuku buhlala ngaphakathi izindlu zetiye, amaloji, noma amatende, kuya ngesifunda sokuhamba ngezinyawo.
Ukudla: Ukudla kwasendaweni, ngokuvamile okulula kodwa okunomsoco, kunikezwa endleleni.
Imihlahlandlela nabathwali: Ezindaweni ezifana ne-Nepal, abaqondisi abaqeqeshiwe bahola abahamba ngezinyawo, futhi abathwali basiza ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo.
Ukuphakama: Uhambo oluningi luya ezindaweni eziphakeme, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-5,000 (16,400 ft), lapho abahambi kudingeka bazijwayeze ukuze bagweme ukugula kwe-altitude.
5. Izinhlobo Zokuhamba ngezinyawo
I-Tea House Trekking: Ukuhlala ezindlini zokulala ezincane/ezindlini zezivakashi eduze nomzila (okuvamile eNepal).
I-Camping Trekking: Ukuhamba ngamatende, abapheki, kanye nezimpahla zokukhempa ezigcwele ezindaweni ezikude.
I-Homestay Trekking: Ukuhlala ezindlini zendawo ukuze uzizwele impilo yasemakhaya eyiqiniso.
I-Trekking yesitayela se-Expedition: Uhambo lobuchwepheshe olwengeziwe olubandakanya izici zokuqwala izintaba.
6. Ukuhamba ngezinyawo eNepal (isibonelo)
I-Nepal ingenye yezindawo ezihamba phambili zokuhamba ngezinyawo emhlabeni, ezinemizila efana nayo Everest Base Camp, Annapurna Circuit, Langtang Valley, Manaslu Circuit.
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo lapha kuhlanganisa ukubukwa kwe-Himalaya okumangalisayo nokuhlangana kwamasiko anothile, njengoba imizila ivame ukudlula emadolobhaneni aseSherpa, eGurung, eTamang, neminye imiphakathi yezinhlanga.
Abahamba ngezinyawo ababoni kuphela iziqongo ezimbozwe yiqhwa kodwa futhi nezindela, amathempeli, izindawo zamapulazi, nempilo yesintu.
7. Izinselelo Zokuhamba ngezinyawo
Ukugula kokuqina ezindaweni eziphakeme.
Izidingo zomzimba, njengoba ukuhamba ngezinyawo kudinga ukuqina nokukhuthazela.
Isimo sezulu siyashintsha, okungenza imizila ishelele noma ibe nzima.
Izinsiza ezinomkhawulo ezindaweni ezikude.
8. Izinzuzo Zokuhamba ngezinyawo
Ithuthukisa impilo yempilo (amandla, amandla, ukuqina kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi).
Inikeza ukuphumula kwengqondo nokukhululeka kwengcindezi.
Izipesheli ukuqonda kwamasiko kanye nokuxhumana nabantu bendawo.
Idala izinkumbulo zesikhathi eside ngemibono yemvelo emangalisayo.
Kuyakhuthaza umoya we-adventure kanye nokukhula komuntu siqu.
Izithombe ezinhle kakhulu zesizini:
1. Intwasahlobo:
Isikhathi saseNtwasahlobo siqala ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi eNepal. Izinga lokushisa licishe libe ngu-22℃ +- kube nemvula encane ebusuku nesibhakabhaka esicwathile ekuseni. Lesi yisikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali ezintsha nazo zonke izinhlobo zezimbali.
Ungajabulela imisebenzi ye-adventure efana I-Paragliding, Ubunge, Rafting, Ukuhamba ngezinyawo esimweni sezulu sasentwasahlobo, kanye nohambo isikhathi esingcono kakhulu. Imibala ehlukene yezimbali ze-Rhododendron iqhakaza ngobuhle obuchichimayo endaweni enamagquma aphakeme izokushiya uphole. Futhi ingesinye sezinkathi ezinkulu zezivakashi eNepal. Lokhu futhi kuyisiqalo semikhosi eNepal.
2. Ihlobo:
Ihlobo liqala ngoJuni kuya ku-August eNepal, futhi izinga lokushisa lingu-30℃ +-. Yisikhathi semvula yeziphepho eNepal, futhi ikakhulukazi inkathi yokulima kommbila nelayisi.
Amasimu e-paddy yiwona aheha kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka. I-Ashad 15 wusuku lokulinywa kwerayisi e-Nepal, enokubukwa Okumangalisayo kwamagquma aluhlaza naluhlaza, izimpophoma ezinkulu, ezigezwe ngamanzi emvula, kuyaduduza ukuzibuka.
3. Ikwindla:
Ikwindla iqala ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba amazinga okushisa asukela ku-10℃ kuya ku-25℃ +-. Isikhathi esimnandi sokugubha imikhosi emikhulu yamaHindu, i-Dashain ne-Tihar (umkhosi wokukhanyisa).
Ngesikhathi seNkwindla yisikhathi sokuvuna i-paddy, futhi imvelo ivuthwa ngombala ophuzi. Ikwindla isikhathi esingcono kakhulu ngemva kokuba imvula yezimvula igeze yonke indawo ezungezile. Ungakwazi ukujabulela i-panoramic, ukubukwa kwentaba okucacile ngalesi sikhathi. Yinkathi yohambo oluphakeme eNepal, lapho isibhakabhaka sicacile futhi siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi isimo sezulu silungele zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi.
4. Ubusika:
Inkanyezi yasebusika ebandayo kusukela ngoDisemba kuya kuFebruwari eNepal, futhi izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphansi kuka-0℃. Yinkathi eyomile enezintaba ezingenalutho. I-Midwinter inikeza umbono ocacile wezintaba ezimbozwe yiqhwa ezimbozwe iqhwa elimhlophe ubukeka umbono omangalisayo. Kodwa izinga lokushisa endaweni ephakeme liphansi kakhulu futhi izivakashi ezimbalwa, ngisho nabantu abathile basezintabeni, beza endaweni ephansi yezwe.
INepal ibizwa nangokuthi izwe lomkhosi onganqamuki. Uma uhlela ukuvakashela eNepal ngesikhathi sikaKhisimusi kaZibandlela ungahlela uhambo lokuya esigodini saseKathmandu, ngokuyisisekelo eThamel, noma ePokhara (engasechibini). Noma, ungenza uhambo olufushane njenge Izindawo zokuhlala e- Ghandruk Village, lo Ghorepani (Poonhill) trek, Namche Bazaar (Syngboche) Trek. Noma, uhambo olufushane nolulula njengohambo lwase-Chisapani Nagarkot, eduze kwaseKathmandu Valley. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma ukwazi ukubekezelela amakhaza amakhulu, izintaba zaseNepal zihlale zikubiza.
