Isingeniso
INepal, eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi iFederal Democratic Republic of Nepal, iyizwe elivaliwe eliphakathi komakhelwane ababili abakhulu, iChina enyakatho neNdiya eningizimu, empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo bendawo, iNepal idume umhlaba wonke ngenxa yezindawo zayo ezimangalisayo, ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko, futhi ikakhulukazi izintaba zayo ezimangalisayo ze-Himalaya. Izwe lisuka emathafeni ayisicaba aseTerai eningizimu kuya eziqongweni eziphakeme ze-Himalayas enyakatho, linikeza ukuhlukahluka okumangalisayo kwesimo sezulu, indawo, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. INepal ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “Izwe Lezintaba Zase-Himalaya” ngenxa yokuthi iyikhaya lezintaba eziyisishiyagalombili kwezingu-14 eziphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, zonke zingaphezu kwamamitha angu-8,000 (26,246 ft).
Igugu lomqhele laseNepal yiMount Everest, eyaziwa endaweni ngokuthi iSagarmatha eNepali kanye neChomolungma eTibetan, emi kumamitha ayi-8,848.86 (29,031.7 ft), okuyenza ibe intaba ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. I-Everest iheha abaqwali, abahamba ngezinyawo, kanye nabahambahambayo abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba, okufanekisela kokubili inselele kanye nokunqoba. Ngaphandle kwe-Everest, ezinye iziqongo ezivelele zihlanganisa iKanchenjunga (8,586 m), intaba yesithathu ukuphakama emhlabeni; I-Lhotse (8,516 m); UMakalu (8,485 m); I-Cho Oyu (8,188 m); I-Dhaulagiri (8,167 m); I-Manaslu (8,163 m); kanye no-Annapurna I (8,091 m). Ngayinye yalezi zintaba inomlando wayo, isiko nomlando wokuqwala izintaba.
Izintaba zaseHimalaya azikona nje ubude bazo; zingcwele futhi kubantu baseNepal. Iziqongo eziningi zibhekwa njengezingcwele futhi zihlotshaniswa nonkulunkulu bobuHindu nobuBuddha. Ngokwesibonelo, iMachhapuchhre, noma “iNtaba yaseFishtail,” eduze kwasePokhara, kukholelwa ukuthi ingcwele eNkosini uShiva futhi ayikhuphuki ngenxa yokuhlonipha ukubaluleka kwayo okungokomoya. Ngokufanayo, iMount Kailash, nakuba iseTibet, inokuxhumana okujulile kwamasiko nangokomoya nabantu baseNepal.
Izifunda ezisezintabeni zaseNepal nazo ziwumthombo wemifula emikhulu njengeKoshi, iGandaki, neKarnali, esekela ukuphila nezolimo emathafeni. Izintaba zaseHimalaya zineqhaza ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezicebile zaleli zwe, zibamba izilwane eziyivelakancane njengengwe yeqhwa, i-panda ebomvu ne-Himalayan monal, inyoni yesizwe yaseNepal. Ukuphakama okuhlukahlukene—kusuka kumamitha angu-60 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle eTerai kuya esiqongweni esiphakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni enyakatho—kudala izimiso zemvelo eziyingqayizivele endaweni encane kakhulu.
Ngokwesiko, izintaba ziyikhaya lezizwe ezinhlobonhlobo ezifana namaSherpa, amaGurung, amaTamang, namaMagars, asebezijwayelanise nendlela yokuphila ephakeme. Ama-Sherpa, ikakhulukazi, adume emhlabeni wonke ngamakhono awo amangalisayo okuqwala izintaba kanye negalelo ohambweni lwase-Himalaya. Le miphakathi igcina amasiko ahlukile, imikhosi, nemikhuba ecebisa ubuciko bendabuko baseNepal.
Ukuvakasha eNepal ikakhulukazi kuqhutshwa izintaba zakhona. Uhambo olufana ne-Everest Base Camp Trek, i-Annapurna Circuit, i-Langtang Valley Trek, ne-Manaslu Circuit luheha izinkulungwane zabahamba ngezinyawo unyaka ngamunye. Izintaba azigcini nje ngokunikeza i-adventure kodwa futhi nokuzola, nezindawo ezimangalisayo, izindlu zezindela zasendulo, nemizana emihle egudle imigwaqo. Ukugibela izintaba eNepal kuyithuba kanye nenselele, njengoba abaqwali bebhekene nesimo sezulu esibi, ama-avalanche, nesifo esisezingeni eliphezulu ngenkathi bephishekela amaphupho abo.
Ngokomnotho, izintaba ze-Himalaya zibalulekile eNepal. Ukuvakasha kwasezintabeni kunikeza abaqondisi, abathwali, abanikazi bamahhotela, nenqwaba yabantu bendawo imisebenzi, okunikela kakhulu emnothweni wezwe. Amaphrojekthi kagesi wamanzi emifuleni yasezintabeni nawo ahlinzeka ngamandla okuthuthukisa. Nokho, ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuye kwavela njengosongo olukhulu, okubangela ukuba izinguzunga zeqhwa zincibilike, kwadala izikhukhula zokuqhuma kwe-glacial lake (GLOFs), futhi kwashintsha ukuphila kwemiphakathi esezintabeni.
Ngale kwe-adventure nomnotho, izintaba zinencazelo engokomfanekiso kubantu baseNepalese. Zimelela ukuqina, ingokomoya, nokuziqhenya. Babonakala njengabanakekeli besizwe, behlinzeka ngobuhle bemvelo futhi badonsa ukunaka komhlaba wonke. I-Mount Everest, ikakhulukazi, isiphenduke uphawu lobunikazi beNepal emhlabeni.
Empeleni, iNepal nezintaba zayo akuhlukaniseki. Izintaba ze-Himalaya eziphakeme zilolonga isiko lezwe, umnotho, indawo ezungezile, nokuqashelwa emhlabeni jikelele. Baheha abahambi abafuna inselele, abahambi abafuna ingokomoya, nabahambi abafuna ubuhle. Naphezu kokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje, izintaba zihlala ziwubufakazi obuthule, obubabazekayo, nabaphakade bohambo lwaseNepal emlandweni.
Ikwindla (September-November) kanye nentwasahlobo (March-May) yizinkathi ezingcono kakhulu zokuvakasha eNepal. Uzobingelelwa ngesibhakabhaka esicwathile nomoya opholile phakathi nalezi zikhathi zonyaka. Izindlela zokuhamba zomile kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthontaza okungalindelekile. Akhona futhi amathuba ambalwa okubambezeleka kwendiza nokukhanselwa, ukuze ujabulele isikhathi sakho e-Nepal ngaphandle kokukhathazeka. Kodwa-ke, lezi yizikhathi zokuvakasha eziphakeme kakhulu, ngakho-ke, uzohlangana nethrafikhi eningi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinkulu zezivakashi.
Ukuhamba ebusika ezindaweni eziphakeme akukhuthazwa ngenxa yengozi yokuqhekeka kweqhwa kanye nokugula kokuphakama. Nakuba abanye bangase bakujabulele ukubona izintaba ezimbozwe yiqhwa njengoba befika lapho beya khona. Imvula (Meyi-Agasti) ingenye yezikhathi ezimbi kakhulu zokuhamba ngenxa yemvula enkulu, ukukhanselwa njalo kwezindiza, kanye nemizila yokuhamba eshelelayo, okusebenza njengengozi yokuhamba. Noma kunjalo, ungahamba uye ezindaweni ezimnyama njenge- Upper Dolpo, i-Lower Dolpo, kanye ne-Upper Mustang (lo-Manthang) ngesikhathi semvula.
Yini i-Trekking?
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo kuyindlela yohambo lokuhamba ngezinyawo oluthatha uhambo olujabulisayo oluthathwa ngezinyawo, ngokuvamile izinsuku eziningi, ezindaweni zemvelo ezifana nezintaba, amahlathi, izigodi, kanye nezindawo zasemakhaya. Ngokungafani nokuhamba ngezinyawo okulula, okuvame ukuba umsebenzi omfushane wosuku olulodwa, ukuhamba ngezinyawo kuhilela imizila emide, izindawo ezihlukahlukene, ukuhlala ubusuku bonke, kanye nokucwiliswa ngokujulile emasikweni nasemvelweni. Kungenye yemisebenzi yangaphandle ethandwa kakhulu eNepal nakwezinye izindawo ezinezintaba zomhlaba.
Nansi incazelo enemininingwane yokuhamba ngezinyawo:
1. Incazelo ye-Trekking
Igama elithi ukuhamba ngezinyawo ngokuvamile libhekisela ohambweni lokuhamba ngezinyawo lwezinsuku eziningi ezindaweni lapho izinto zokuhamba zesimanje zingatholakali kalula khona.
Akukhona nje ukuhamba kodwa futhi mayelana nokubona indawo yendawo, indawo ezungezile, nezindlela zokuphila endleleni.
Ama-Trekkers ngokuvamile adlula emadolobhaneni, emahlathini, emifuleni nasezindaweni eziphakeme kuyilapho ejabulela ukubukwa kwentaba okumangalisayo.
2. Umehluko phakathi kwe-Trekking nokuhamba ngezinyawo
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo ngokuvamile kuyindlela emfushane nelula yokuhamba ngezinyawo (amahora ambalwa noma usuku olulodwa) emizileni ephawulwe kahle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhamba ngezinyawo kuyinselele kakhulu, kuthatha izinsuku noma amasonto ambalwa, futhi kuvame ukufaka imizila enzima, ekude, nephakeme.
3. Inhloso Yokuhamba ngezinyawo
Uhambo: Ukuhlola izindawo ezikude nezasendle.
Imvelo: Ukuzwa izintaba, imifula, amahlathi, kanye nezilwane zasendle.
Isiko: Ukuhlangana nabantu bendawo, ukufunda ngamasiko abo, nokuzwa impilo yasemakhaya.
Impilo Nokuqina Komzimba: Ukuhamba ngezinyawo kuyindlela enhle kakhulu yokuzilolonga ngokomzimba, okuthuthukisa amandla nokukhuthazela.
Ukuthula Okungokomoya Nokwengqondo: Abahambi abaningi bathola umuzwa wokuzola nokucabangela emvelweni.
4. Lokho Okuhilelekile Ukuhamba
Imizila Yokuhamba: Ngokuvamile amahora angu-4-8 okuhamba ngosuku ezindaweni ezahlukene njengemizila enamadwala, amahlathi, kanye nokukhuphuka okukhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ukulala ezitolo zetiye, izindawo zokuhlala, noma ematendeni, kuye ngokuthi indawo yokuhamba ngezinyawo ikuphi.
Ukudla: Ukudla kwendawo, okuvame ukuba lula kodwa okunomsoco, kuyanikezwa endleleni.
Abaqondisi Nabathwali Bezimpahla: Ezindaweni ezifana neNepal, abaqondisi abangochwepheshe bahola abahamba ngezinyawo, kanti abathwali bezimpahla basiza ekuthwaleni imithwalo esindayo.
Ukuphakama: Uhambo oluningi luya ezindaweni eziphakeme, ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu kwamamitha angu-5,000 (16,400 ft), lapho abagibeli kudingeka bazijwayeze khona ukuze bagweme ukuguliswa ukuphakama.
5. Izinhlobo Zokuhamba ngezinyawo
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo e-Tea House: Ukuhlala ezindlini ezincane/ezindlini zezivakashi eceleni komzila (okuvamile eNepal).
Ukuhamba Ngesikebhe: Ukuhamba ngezinyawo ngamatende, abapheki, kanye nezimpahla ezigcwele zokukhempa ezindaweni ezikude.
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo ekhaya: Ukuhlala ezindlini zasendaweni ukuze uzizwele impilo yangempela yasemakhaya.
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo ngendlela yohambo: Ukuhamba ngezinyawo okwengeziwe okuhlanganisa izinto zokukhuphuka izintaba.
6. Ukuhamba ngezinyawo eNepal (isibonelo)
INepal ingenye yezindawo ezihamba phambili emhlabeni zokuhambela ezintabeni, enemizila efana ne -Everest Base Camp, i-Annapurna Circuit, i-Langtang Valley, kanye ne-Manaslu Circuit.
Ukuhamba ngezinyawo lapha kuhlanganisa ukubukwa kwe-Himalaya okumangalisayo nokuhlangana kwamasiko anothile, njengoba imizila ivame ukudlula emadolobhaneni aseSherpa, eGurung, eTamang, neminye imiphakathi yezinhlanga.
Abahamba ngezinyawo ababoni kuphela iziqongo ezimbozwe yiqhwa kodwa futhi nezindela, amathempeli, izindawo zamapulazi, nempilo yesintu.
7. Izinselelo Zokuhamba ngezinyawo
Ukugula kokuphakama ezindaweni eziphakeme.
Izidingo zomzimba , njengoba ukuhamba ngezinyawo kudinga ukuqina komzimba kanye nokukhuthazela okuhle.
Izinguquko zesimo sezulu , ezingenza imizila ishelele noma ibe nzima.
Izinsiza ezilinganiselwe ezindaweni ezikude.
8. Izinzuzo Zokuhamba ngezinyawo
Kuthuthukisa impilo yomzimba (amandla, ukukhuthazela, ukuqina kwenhliziyo).
Inikeza ukuphumula kwengqondo kanye nokukhululeka ekucindezelekeni.
Inikeza ukuqonda kwamasiko kanye nokuxhumana nabantu bendawo.
Kudala izinkumbulo zokuphila konke ngemibono yemvelo emangalisayo.
Kukhuthaza umoya wokuzijabulisa kanye nokukhula komuntu siqu.
Izithombe ezinhle kakhulu zesizini:
1. Intwasahlobo:
Isikhathi saseNtwasahlobo siqala ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi eNepal. Izinga lokushisa licishe libe ngu-22℃ +- kube nemvula encane ebusuku nesibhakabhaka esicwathile ekuseni. Lesi yisikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali ezintsha nazo zonke izinhlobo zezimbali.
Ungajabulela imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa efana ne -Paragliding , i-Bungee, i-Rafting , i-Trekking ngesikhathi sezulu sasentwasahlobo, futhi uhambo luyisikhathi esihle kakhulu. Imibala ehlukene yezimbali ze-Rhododendron iqhakaza ngobuhle obujabulisayo endaweni ephakeme enamagquma izokushiya ujabule. Futhi ingenye yezinkathi ezinkulu zezivakashi eNepal. Lokhu futhi kungukuqala kwemikhosi eNepal.
2. Ihlobo:
Ihlobo liqala ngoJuni kuya ku-August eNepal, futhi izinga lokushisa lingu-30℃ +-. Yisikhathi semvula yeziphepho eNepal, futhi ikakhulukazi inkathi yokulima kommbila nelayisi.
Amasimu e-paddy yiwona aheha kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka. I-Ashad 15 wusuku lokulinywa kwerayisi e-Nepal, enokubukwa Okumangalisayo kwamagquma aluhlaza naluhlaza, izimpophoma ezinkulu, ezigezwe ngamanzi emvula, kuyaduduza ukuzibuka.
3. Ikwindla:
Ikwindla iqala ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba amazinga okushisa asukela ku-10℃ kuya ku-25℃ +-. Isikhathi esimnandi sokugubha imikhosi emikhulu yamaHindu, i-Dashain ne-Tihar (umkhosi wokukhanyisa).
Ngesikhathi seNkwindla yisikhathi sokuvuna i-paddy, futhi imvelo ivuthwa ngombala ophuzi. Ikwindla isikhathi esingcono kakhulu ngemva kokuba imvula yezimvula igeze yonke indawo ezungezile. Ungakwazi ukujabulela i-panoramic, ukubukwa kwentaba okucacile ngalesi sikhathi. Yinkathi yohambo oluphakeme eNepal, lapho isibhakabhaka sicacile futhi siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi isimo sezulu silungele zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi.
4. Ubusika:
Inkanyezi yasebusika ebandayo kusukela ngoDisemba kuya kuFebruwari eNepal, futhi izinga lokushisa liwela ngaphansi kuka-0℃. Yinkathi eyomile enezintaba ezingenalutho. I-Midwinter inikeza umbono ocacile wezintaba ezimbozwe yiqhwa ezimbozwe iqhwa elimhlophe ubukeka umbono omangalisayo. Kodwa izinga lokushisa endaweni ephakeme liphansi kakhulu futhi izivakashi ezimbalwa, ngisho nabantu abathile basezintabeni, beza endaweni ephansi yezwe.
INepal ibizwa nangokuthi izwe lemikhosi elingami. Uma uhlela ukuvakashela iNepal ngesikhathi sikaKhisimusi kaDisemba ungahlela uhambo oluya esigodini saseKathmandu, ikakhulukazi eThamel, noma ePokhara (ogwini lwechibi). Noma, ungenza uhambo olufushane njengohambo lwasemakhaya lwaseGhandruk , uhambo lwaseGhorepani (Poonhill), uhambo lwaseNamche Bazaar (Syngboche). Noma, uhambo olufushane nolulula njengohambo lwaseChisapani Nagarkot , oluzungeze iKathmandu Valley. Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma ungakwazi ukubekezelela ukubanda okukhulu, khona-ke izintaba zaseNepal zihlala zikubiza.
