ENepal, inkolo iwumzila wokuphila wabantu baseNepal. Yonke imisebenzi yamasiko enjengamadili nemikhosi, amasiko ansuku zonke, imikhosi yomndeni, nemikhosi yenkolo iyingxenye yenkolo. INepal idume njengesikhungo sesikole sokucabanga sasempumalanga kusukela ekuqaleni. Yonke indawo e-Nepal, ngesinyathelo esisodwa, umuntu angabona amathempeli nezindawo zokukhulekela, izindlu zezindela namaViharas, udwendwe nomculo wenkolo, nokujabulela abantu. Kungakho iNepal ibizwa ngezwe lethempeli kanti iKathmandu yaziwa njengedolobha lethempeli. Kuthiwa sinamathempeli amaningi kunezindlu zaseKathmandu. Emcabangweni, iNepal imemezele izwe elingajwayelekile ngo-2008 kodwa lisadume njengezwe lamaHindu kubavakashi ngokwenkolo. I-syncretism yezenkolo iyingxenye enkulu yomphakathi waseNepali lapho amaBuddha, amaSulumane, amaKristu, namaHindu ehloniphana inkolo futhi ehlala ndawonye ngokuthula nendawo enokuthula.
I-Kathmandu kuthiwa inamathempeli amaningi kunezindlu. Sinezindawo eziningi zenkolo eNepal. Ithempeli lasePashupatinath, okuyindawo yenkolo yamaHindu eyinhloko emhlabeni liseKathmandu. Ezinye izindawo zokuhambela amaHindu yiSwargadwari, Gosainkunda, Devghat, Ithempeli laseManakamana, Gorakhnath, Pathibhara, Mahamrityunjaya Shivasan, Badimalika, Janaki Temple, nokunye okuningi.
Isigodi saseDang siyindawo engcwele yamaHindu kanye nezinye izinkolo. Kalika and Malika Devi in Chhillikot hill, Ambekeshawari temple, Ithempeli laseKrishna, ithempeli le-Dharapani, njll. yizindawo ezingcwele esifundeni se-dang. Intaba yaseChillikot nayo iyindawo ekahle yokubuka indawo futhi iyindawo yasendulo yenkosi. I-Muktinath iyindawo engcwele yamaHindu kanye namaBuddha. Le ndawo itholakala eMuktinath Valley esifundeni saseMustang. Kunezindawo eziningi zenkolo ezengeziwe kulo lonke elaseNepal.
I-Nepal ingumphakathi onezinkolo eziningi. Inkolo enkulu eNepal ubuHindu. Ukubunjwa komphakathi waseNepal ngokwenkolo imi kanje:
AmaHindu 81.34
AmaBuddha 9.04
Islam 4.38
I-Kirat 3.04
UbuKristu 1.41
Amasayithi enkolo yamaHindu:
AmaNarayan Amane (Char Narayans):
I-Four Narayan's (i-Bisankhu, i-Changu, i-Ichangu, ne-Sesh) ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu zokuvakasha zenkolo phakathi kwesigodi sase-Kathmandu. Amathempeli amane aseNarayan atholakala ezifundeni zaseKathmandu, Lalitpur, naseBhaktapur. Kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwala mathempeli aseNarayan njengoba ngenyanga kaNovemba abazinikele ngokuvamile bavakashela wonke amathempeli amaNarayan amane futhi baqedele umkhuba wabo ngosuku lwe-Haribodhini Ekadasi.
1.Bishamkhu Narayan
2.Ichangu Narayan
3.Shesh Narayan
4.Changu Narayan
Ithempeli laseDolakha Bhimsen:
Ithempeli elidumile laseBhimeshwor litholakala eDolakha Bazaar esifundeni saseDolakha. UNkulunkulu uBhimsen uthole isifanekiso esikhulu kuleli thempeli. UBhim uthathwa njengenkosana yesibili ye-panch Pandav (Mahabharat) futhi ekhulekelwa kakhulu abahwebi noma abaThengisi njengonkulunkulu wabo wentando. E-Dolakha ngaphansi kwethempeli elingenaphahla ubheka lesi sithombe njengo-Bhim sen kodwa sinokuphindukuzalwa okuthathu njengo-Bhimsen, unkulunkulukazi u-Bhagawati, noNkulunkulu uShiva. Izilwane ezanikelwa kuleli thempeli zikankulunkulukazi u-Bhagawati kanti azizange zinikele ngegazi eNkosini Shiva. Kodwa kuleli thempeli uNkulunkulu ukhonzwa ngokuhlukile kathathu ngosuku.
Imibukiso ibanjelwa kuleli thempeli ngezikhathi ezifana nalezi Bala Chaturdashi, Ram Navami, Chaitra Ashtami, and Bhima Ekadashi. Ngesikhathi somkhosi. Isilwane esihlatshelwe lapha. Cishe amamitha angu-200 ukusuka ethempelini laseBhimeshwar yithempeli le-Tripura Sundari lapho abazinikele behlangana khona ngesikhathi semikhosi ye-Chaitrastami ne-Dashain. Umpristi waleli thempeli kuphela ovunyelwe ukuba athi shazi esithombeni esiqoshwe ngaphakathi.
Inganekwane yalandisa ukuthi kudala, kudala kwakunabathwali bempahla abangu-12 ababevela kwezinye izindawo ababema kule ndawo futhi bazama ukwenza izitofu zamatshe ezintathu ukuze bapheke ilayisi. Ngemva kwesikhathi, ingxenye eyodwa yerayisi yayisivuthiwe kodwa enye ingaphekwa. Lapho umlindi egudluza irayisi eliphekiwe waliyisa kwenye ingxenye yabe ingaphekwa futhi ngoba yahlangana netshe elimnyama elingunxantathu. Omunye wabalindisango wathukuthela futhi wagwaza itshe ngo “Paneu” (isitebhisi, kwaphuma igazi eligcwele ubisi. Kamuva baqaphela ukuthi itshe uNkulunkulu Bhim futhi baqala ukukhulekela itshe.
Kuseyisimangaliso okwenzeka ethempelini laseDolakha Bhimsen. Kunezibonelo eziningi ezicabangela lesi simangaliso. Kwajuluka ngesikhathi kuqhubeka unyaka ka-1980, 1990 ngaphambi kokuba iRoyal macassared, ngaphambi kokuzamazama komhlaba ngo-2015 njll. Ngesikhathi kujuluka kuzoba nezigigaba ezinkulu ezweni okungukuthi noma yiziphi izinguquko kwezombusazwe, amashwa. Kungashiwo ukuthi ukujuluka kweBhimsen kuyisexwayiso noma izibikezelo zeshwa.
Ngokusho kweBhineshowar Shivapuran, kwakukhona uMbuso weBhima owawubusiswe unkulunkulu uBrahma. Abantu, ababehlala embusweni wakwaBhima, babephile impilo edabukisayo; bathandaza kunkulunkulu uShiva ukuba asindise ukuphila kwabo. Nkosi Shiva waqhamuka ezintabeni zaseGaurishanker wabulala inkosi uBhim. Ngemuva kokushona kukaBhim, kwasungulwa isifanekiso sikaBhimeshowar kuleyo ndawo futhi saqanjwa ngokuthi Bhimeshowar.
Ithempeli laseSwargadwari:
Swargadwari iyindawo yethempeli elisegqumeni kanye nendawo yokuvakashela esifundeni sasePyuthan. Ingenye yezindawo zenkolo zamaHindu ezidumile. Itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yesifunda sasePyuthan. Izinkomo zikhonzwa njengonkulunkulukazi kumaHindu. Kuthiwa yasungulwa nguGuru Maharaj Narayan Khatri (Swami Hamsananda) owachitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe endaweni elusa futhi esenga izinkulungwane zezinkomo. Ngokwezindaba zesintu ezinye izikhonzi zakhe zamlandela ziyobona lapho azithathela khona izinkomo kodwa zagcina zingamtholi.
Ngokusho kwabantu abadala bakule ndawo, uqhamuka khona Rolpa esizeni sethempeli esikhona manje futhi wacela umninindlu ukuba anikele ngendawo kuye. Wemba insimu wathola i-curd exutshwe nerayisi nomlilo. Wayechazile ukuthi lezi zinto yilezo ezangcwatshwa ngabakwaPandava eDwapar Yuga Lapho bekhonza kule ndawo ngaphambi kokuya ezulwini. Umnikazi wendawo wamangala. Wavuma ukumnika umhlaba ngaso leso sikhathi. Ngemva kwalokho umlilo ongcwele uvutha njalo kuze kube yileso sikhathi. I-Bivat (umlotha) yezinkuni zokubasa ezishiswe ngomlilo ongcwele kukholakala ukuthi yelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene zomzimba ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu, isisu esibuhlungu, njll.
Ngaphambi kokuthi ashiye umzimba wenyama u-guru wanika amanye amandla akhe kubafundi abambalwa. Ngosuku ashiya ngalo umzimba wakhe wenyama ngesifiso sakhe, abantu abaningi babuthana kuye endaweni ayejwayele ukuzindla ngayo. UGuru washiya isidumbu sakhe ngemva kokuvalelisa kubafundi bakhe nabanye abalandeli. Inkomo ayeyithanda kakhulu nayo yafa ngaso leso sikhathi, ezinye izinkomo zanyamalala ngokuyisimangaliso phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa.
Kukhona futhi i-akhawunti yezinkomo ezithulula ubisi lwazo zodwa nsuku zonke ngesikhathi esifanayo, endaweni lapho uGuru afela khona. Wayenze izimangaliso eziningi ngesikhathi esaphila. Wake wacela abelusi bezinkomo bakwaRolpali ukuthi bangathathi izinkomo endaweni ethile ukuze ziyoklaba ebaxwayisa ngokudilika kwenhlabathi kuleyo ndawo. Kodwa bala futhi bakhukhulwa wukudilika komhlaba. Wayevame ukubikezela inhlanhla yabazinikele. Wasizwa kakhulu abampofu ukuba bakhe umuzi wabo.
Wakwazi ukufundisa izingane imibhalo yamaVeda neminye imibhalo yenkolo. Bangase benze ukukhulekela kwamaVeda ethempelini ngemva kokufunda. Kodwa, ukwenza lokhu akuyona impoqo ngemva kokufunda. I-Swargadwari ibalwa phakathi kwezindawo ezihamba phambili zokuvakasha zaseNepal futhi isohlwini lohlu lukazwelonke lwezindawo zamagugu zamasiko nezomlando.
Ithempeli lasePathivara:
I-Pathivara Temple ingelinye lamathempeli abaluleke kakhulu Nepal, Itholakala egqumeni I-Taplejung. Ibuye ibhekwe njengenye yezindawo ezingcwele zabantu bamaHindu. Abakhulekeli abavela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseNepal naseNdiya baphuthuma ethempelini ngezikhathi ezikhethekile. Kunenkolelo yokuthi i-Pilgrimage eya ethempelini iqinisekisa ukugcwaliseka kwezifiso zabahambi.
Ithempeli litholakala ku-19.4 North East ukusuka kumasipala wasePhungling endaweni ephakeme eyi-3,794 m (12,444 ft) Lisebenza njengomzila wesibili wohambo lwaseKanchenjunga. AmaPilgrim anikela imihlatshelo yezilwane, igolide, nesiliva ukuze ajabulise unkulunkulukazi. Unkulunkulukazi uPathuvara kukholakala ukuthi unamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo futhi uyayiphendula ngenkuthalo imithandazo yabantu abazinikezele. Ubhekwa ngabazinikele bakhe njengokubonakaliswa kowesifazane waphezulu futhi onqunywe namanye amagama njengo-Adhikari, Maha Maya, UMaha Rudra phakathi kwezinye eziningi zezinhlobo zakhe zobunkulunkulu.
Izinganekwane zithi abelusi bendawo balahlekelwa amakhulu ezimvu zabo lapho beklabile endaweni efanayo lapho ithempeli limi khona namuhla. Abelusi ababecindezelekile baba nephupho lapho uNkulunkulukazi ebayala ukuba benze izimvu ezihlatshelwe ngokwesiko futhi bakhe indlu engcwele ngokumhlonipha. Lapho kwenziwa umhlatshelo umhlambi olahlekile kuthiwa wabuya. Umkhuba wokwenza imihlatshelo ngaphakathi ethempelini kukholakala ukuthi waqala ngemuva kwalesi sigameko.
Ithempeli laseJanaki eJanakpur:
UJanaki Mandir, owaziwa ngeNau Lakha Mandir, ingenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhambela amaHindu ezitholakala eJanakpur ezinikezelwe Unkulunkulukazi wamaHindu uSita. Izindleko zokwakha ithempeli zazingama-lakis ayisishiyagalolunye noma izinkulungwane ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye; yingakho yaqanjwa ngokuthi iNau Lakha Mandir. NgokukaRamayan, uKujg Janak, umbusi weVideha ( Janakpur), Ngesikhathi seRamayana, washada nendodakazi yakhe uSita enkosana yase-Ayodhya Ram. U-Janaki noma uSita, ngesikhathi sika-Swyambar (umshado), ukhethe iNkosi uRama njengomyeni wakhe. Zabo umkhosi womshado kwenzeka ethempelini eliseduze elibizwa ngokuthi iVivaha Mandap.
Usuku oluqondile lokwakhiwa kwalo akwaziwa kodwa kuthiwa ithempeli lakhiwa ngaphambi kuka-16th ikhulunyaka elitholakala ezincwadini. Indlovukazi uVrisha Bhanu yaseTikamgarh, eNdiya yakha ithempeli ngo-1911 AD ngendlela yanamuhla. Yakhiwe ezindaweni ezingamamitha angu-4,860 SQ ngesitayela esixubile sezakhiwo zeMughal nezamaHindu. Ithempeli lingamamitha angu-50 ukuphakama. Kuyisakhiwo esinezitezi ezintathu esenziwe ngokuphelele ngamatshe nemabula. Wonke amakamelo alo angama-60 ahlotshiswe ngefulegi le Nepal, ingilazi enemibala, imifanekiso eqoshiwe, nemidwebo kaMithila, enamafasitela amahle nama-turrets.
Ngo-1657, kwatholakala isithombe segolide sika-Goddess Sita, futhi uSita kuthiwa wayehlala lapho. Inganekwane yathi yakhiwe endaweni engcwele lapho uSannyasi Shurkishordas wayengumsunguli weJanakpur yesimanje kanye nosanta omkhulu wembongi owashumayela ngendawo ethi Upasana (ebizwa nangokuthi iSita Upanishad) Philosophy. Izinganekwane ziye zathi iNkosi uJanak (seeradhwaj) yakhulekela iShiva-Dhanush endaweni yayo.
Ithempeli laseBudkanilkantha (I-Sleeping Vishnu):
Ithempeli laseBudhanilkantha, (i-Sleeping Vishnu) elaziwa nangokuthi ithempeli laseNarayansthan, lingaphansi kwethempeli. I-Shivapuri Hill emaphethelweni asenyakatho esigodini saseKathmandu, e UBudhanilkantha Kamasipala, leli thempeli linikezelwe eNkosini Vishnu. Isithombe esiyinhloko sethempeli sikaVishnu olele sibhekwa njengomfanekiso oqoshiwe wamatshe omkhulu kunawo wonke wenkathi yeLicchavi.
Ithempeli liphinde liqanjwe ngokuthi Buddha-Budhanilkantha. Uma sibheka umfanekiso kaVishnu olele, singabona ibunzi likaBuddha. Ngakho-ke kuthathwa njengenhlanganisela yobuHindu nobuBuddha esifanekisweni esisodwa esiqanjwa ngokuthi uBuddha- Budhanilkantha. UBuddha usho iNkosi uShiva. Ngakho-ke, inhlanganisela yeShaivism kanye neVaishnavism kanye neBuddhism enikela ngeSyncretism yezenkolo yenkathi yeLicchavi.
