Isingeniso
I-Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve yindawo engamaxhaphozi eningizimu-mpumalanga yeNepal. I-Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve ihlonishwa ngokuhlukahluka kwemvelo okuphezulu. Inamathafa agcwele imifula kanye nezikhotha, okubalulekile ekongiweni nasekufundeni izilwane zasendle.
I-Koshi Tappu imenyezelwa njengendawo yokuqala ye-Ramsar yaseNepal, futhi ezingeni lomhlaba wonke, i-ecosystem yamaxhaphozi ithathwa njengebalulekile. Le ndawo yokulondoloza isekela izitshalo nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, isiza ukugcina imvelo ilingana endaweni eguquguqukayo yomfula.
Lesi siqiwu sinezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-480, ezinye zazo eziyivelakancane futhi ezifudukayo. I-flood plain reserve iyindawo engcono kakhulu yokubuka izilwane zasendle, ukugibela isikebhe, nokuthatha izithombe zemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwezinyoni, lesi siqiwi singatholakala siyingqayizivele ngenyathi yasendle, izinyamazane nama-otter. I-Koshi Tappu inikeza abathanda imvelo okuhlangenwe nakho okukhumbulekayo kwezilwane zasendle. Le ndawo yokulondoloza imvelo inezindawo ezingakathintwa ezinombono ohlukile wamasiko.
Indawo nokufinyeleleka
I-Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve itholakala empumalanga ye-Nepal, ephakathi kwezikhukhula ezinkulu zoMfula i-Koshi. Itholakala ezifundeni zaseSunsari naseSaptari. Ihlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala enhle yezilwane zasendle ezindaweni eziphansi zaseTerai ngasemngceleni weNdiya.
Ukuze ufike e-Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, ungathatha indiza esuka e-Kathmandu uya e-Biratnagar ngendiza yasekhaya noma ngomgwaqo. Abahambi bomgwaqo bangasebenzisa amabhasi amabanga amade ukusuka e-Kathmandu ukuya ezifundeni ezisempumalanga ye-Nepal (njenge-Dharan ne-Biratnagar).
I-Biratnagar iyidolobha elikhulu eliseduze nesikhungo sezokuthutha esamukela izivakashi. Bese, basebenzisa izinsiza zamabhasi endawo noma izimoto ezizimele ukuze bafike e-Koshi Tappu, bagibele emaphandleni. Ngokuvamile kuthatha ihora eli-1 kuye kwayi-2 ukuhamba phakathi kwe-Biratnagar nendawo yokulondoloza.
Ukuza e-Dharan, ku-Koshi Tappu, ungathatha ibhasi noma i-jeep elibangise eningizimu-mpumalanga esifundeni sase-Sunsari. Izindiza, amabhasi, nama-jeep kunikeza ukuguquguquka kule ndawo ekude yezilwane zasendle, njengoba inekhono lokubhekelela izabelomali ezihlukahlukene nokuthandwa kohambo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ze-Koshi Tappu
I-Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve iyisiqiwu enezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, ngakho-ke, iyindawo ehamba phambili yokubuka izinyoni. Izinyoni zaseSiberia ezifudukayo, onogolantethe abahle, izindwandwe ezinhle, nezinkozi ezinamandla kuyenza ibe nothile ngezinyoni zezinyoni, kube ukuheha kwabathandi bemvelo kuwo wonke umhlaba.
Lesi siqiwi sinezilwane zasendle ezikhethekile, ezihlanganisa izilwane zasendle ezisengozini njengenyathi yamanzi. Inikeza inala yemvelo. Izilwane ezincelisayo, njenge izingulube zasendle nezinyamazane zezingulube, ziyachuma ezindaweni zazo ezivikelekile, zibonisa ingcebo yemvelo.
I-landscape ye-Koshi Tappu ibonakala ngobubanzi obukhulu bezindawo ezinotshani ezisekela ukudla ngezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Izikhukhula ezinjalo ezivulekile ziyikhaya lezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe ukulingana kwe-ecosystem kanye nokunakekela impilo yezilwane.
Lezi zindawo ezinotshani ziboshwe amaxhaphozi namahlathi asemifuleni adala indawo yokukhosela nezindawo ezizalela kuzo izilwane eziningi. Le ndawo ecebile yamaxhaphozi yakha inethiwekhi yendawo yokuhlala eyinkimbinkimbi, ebalulekile ekusimamiseni ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo kanye nokuphila kahle kwemvelo endaweni yokulondoloza.
Isipiliyoni Sokubuka izinyoni
I-Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve ithathwa njengendawo engcono kakhulu yokubuka izinyoni eNepal ngoba inendawo enkulu yamaxhaphozi. Inezinye zezinyoni ezigcwele kakhulu, ngakho idonsa abathandi bezinyoni nabacwaningi minyaka yonke emhlabeni wonke.
Phakathi kwezinyoni ezithandwayo, kungase kubonakale i-Bengal floric, i-Sarus crane, izinyoni ezifudukayo zaseSiberia, unogolantethe abahlukahlukene, izindwandwe nezinkozi. Kukhona nezinhlobo ezihlukile ezingatholakala endaweni yokulondoloza izilwane, njenge-spotted wren babbler kanye ne-olive ground warbler, ezenza lesi siqiwi sikhange.
Isikhathi esihle sokubuka izinyoni ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwesizini phakathi kukaSepthemba noFebhuwari. Amadada afudukayo nama-waders avamile ebusika, kuyilapho entwasahlobo nasekwindla, ungakwazi ukubona izinyoni ezidlulayo ezinezimpaphe nokuziphatha okuhlukahlukene.
I-Koshi Tappu ihlinzeka ngamaxhaphozi kanye nezindawo ezinotshani ezitholakala kalula ukuze zinikeze izithombe ezinhle zezinyoni. Ekuseni nakusihlwa kuba ngcono kakhulu lapho umuntu ezama ukuthwebula izinto ezicacile ezenziwa izinyoni, indlela ezindiza ngayo, nokukhanya okuhle okudalwe imvelo ukuze kuhambisane nesithombe.
Indawo enokuthula yalesi siqiwu isenza sikwazi ukunikeza uhambo olujulile lokubuka izinyoni nge-jeep, isikebhe, noma ngezinyawo. Imihlahlandlela enolwazi izosiza izivakashi zithole izindawo ezifihliwe zezinyoni ezingabonwa endle, zinikeze okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kwezilwane zasendle okuhlanganisa ukubona indawo nokudubula.
Imisebenzi e-Koshi Tappu
I-Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve inamaxhaphozi amakhulu kanye nezindawo ezinotshani, ngakho-ke ukuhamba kuyahlelwa ukubuka izinhlobo zezinyoni ezihlukene ezindaweni zazo zemvelo. Izivakashi ziphinde zithole uhambo lwesikebhe eMfuleni i-Koshi ukuze zikwazi ukubuka eduze izinyoni zasemanzini kanye nezilwane eziphila emanzini.
I-Jeep safaris ihamba emahlathini aminyene kanye nosebe lomfula ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulondoloza imvelo, lapho abahambi bethola khona ukubona izilwane zasendle njengenyathi yasendle nezinyamazane. Ukuvakasha okunjalo okuthuthukisiwe kwandisa umuzwa wokubukwa kwezilwane zasendle futhi kunikeze ukufinyelela okulula ezindaweni ezingenakufinyelela kancane endaweni yokulondoloza.
Okunye ukuhamba okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukunikeza ulwazi olusebenzayo lwemvelo namasiko e-Koshi Tappu kubandakanya ukuhamba kwemvelo okuqondisiwe okuholwa izazi zemvelo zendawo. Izazi zemvelo zishintshana ngolwazi mayelana nezitshalo, izilwane, kanye nemisebenzi yokongiwa kwemvelo, okuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabavakashi kanye nokwenza ukuthintana nezindawo zezilwane zasendle ezicashile.
Ungahamba uyodoba eMfuleni i-Koshi, lapho ungakhululeka khona lapho uthintana nemvelo. Futhi, ukushintshana kwamasiko nezigodi eziseduze zaseTharu kuletha umhambi ezindleleni zendabuko zokuphila, ubuciko kanye nemisebenzi yezandla, ukudla okudliwayo, nezinye izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zempilo yomdabu endaweni.
Le misebenzi ihlanganiswe ukwenza iphakethe lezilwane zasendle namasiko ahlukahlukene. Abavakashi bajabulela ingxube yemvelo namasiko. Ngakho-ke iyindawo ephelele yabathandi bemvelo kanye nalabo abavakashela le ndawo ngenjongo yokuthatha uhambo ukuze babe nolwazi lwamasiko.
Uhambo alutholakali.
Isikhathi Esihle Sokuvakashela
Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuvakashela i-Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve kusebusika (November kuya kuFebruwari) ngoba lesi yisikhathi lapho isifunda silungele ukubuka izinyoni, njengoba izinyoni eziningi ezifudukayo ziza endaweni. Isimo sezulu naso sipholile futhi somile, okwandisa ukubonakala kwezilwane zasendle nokunethezeka kwangaphandle.
Isimo sezulu siba mnandi ngesikhathi sasentwasahlobo nezinga lokushisa eliphakathi kokupholile nokufudumele. Indawo nayo inemibalabala, futhi izimbali zimila lapho, zakha indawo emibalabala ehambisana nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasendle eziye zabonakala. Isizathu esenza le sizini ibe yinhle kubathandi bemvelo ukuthi ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinyoni ezihlala kanye nezifudukayo.
Kunemvula enkulu ngesikhathi sezimvula (June kuya kuSepthemba) zombili ezinikeza izihlambi endaweni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kodwa futhi zidale izinkinga ezifana nezikhukhula, izindlela ezimanzi. Isikhathi esibi njengoba ukufinyelela kuba yinselele, izilwane zasendle ziya zibonakala, futhi iziphazamiso zokuhamba ezivamile zivamile.
Ukuvakasha ngenkathi eyomile kulula futhi kuphephe kakhudlwana. Ekuseni nakusihlwa ebusika nasentwasahlobo yizikhathi ezingcono kakhulu zokuthatha izithombe nokubuka izilwane zasendle njengoba zinikeza ukukhanya okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, lezi yizikhathi ezifanele kakhulu zokuba nokuvakasha okugxilile.
Izinketho zokuhlala
I-Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve inezindawo zokuhlala ezihlukene, ezihlanganisa izindawo zokulala nezindawo zokuphumula ezizungezile kule ndawo. Ukukhethwa okudumile kuzoba i-Koshi Tappu Wildlife Camp, i-safari tents enezindawo ezinhle, imibukiso, nezihlambi ezishisayo, ihlinzeka ngesipiliyoni semvelo esicwilisiwe.
Indawo yokuhlala elula nayo iyatholakala, lapho izivakashi zithola ithuba lokwabelana nempilo yendawo namasiko. Lezi zindawo zokuhlala zihlinzeka ngezinsiza eziyisisekelo namasevisi asekhaya afaneleka kangcono isivakashi esincamela indawo yokuhlala engabizi kakhulu kodwa eyiqiniso eduze nendawo yokulondoloza izilwane zasendle.
Ukuhlala esiqiwini emakamu ezilwane zasendle kunikeza ukufinyelela okuqondile kwemvelo ngemisebenzi eqondisiwe. Uma, esikhundleni salokho, uncamela ukuhlala endaweni yokulala edolobheni eliseduze, uzoba nokufinyelela okwengeziwe ezindaweni zokudlela, izitolo, nezindawo zokuhamba.
Ukukhethwa kokuhlala endlini noma ngaphandle nje kusekelwe kulokho okuthandwayo kokuhamba. Abahambi abajabulela ukuthula emvelweni ngokuvamile bakhetha ukuhlala endaweni yokulala noma ekamu endaweni yokubhuka noma eduze nendawo yokulondoloza imvelo, kuyilapho abanye abantu abakhetha ukuhlala befinyeleleka kalula emvelweni bakhetha amahhotela e-Biratnagar noma e-Dharan.
Amathiphu okuhamba
Izindleko zemvume ye-Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve yi-NPR 100 yamaNepalese, i-NPR 750 yamazwe e-SAARC, kanye ne-NPR 1,500 yabantu bangaphandle. Kukhona i-NPR 300 imali yokungena emotweni ngayinye. Izimvume ziyatholakala emnyango wokubhuka.
Isivakashi kufanele futhi siphathe izidingo ezifana nezibonakude, ikhamera enamabhethri engeziwe, izingubo ezilula, nokuvikela ilanga, okuhlanganisa isikrini sokushiswa kwelanga nezibuko zelanga. Izimo zezulu eziguquguqukayo ziphakamisa ijazi elikhanyayo ngaphezu kwezicathulo ezihamba kahle.
Amalungiselelo ezempilo nokuphepha ahlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwemithi exosha omiyane kanye nokuphuza amanzi asemabhodleleni noma ahlanziwe ukuze kuvinjelwe izifo ezibangelwa amanzi. Ukuphatha ikhithi yosizo lokuqala ngenxa yokungakhululeki okuncane phakathi nohambo.
Ukusebenzisa imihlahlandlela yendawo kungase futhi kuthuthukise ulwazi ngoba kunikeza ochwepheshe abanolwazi ngolwazi olumayelana nezilwane zasendle nendawo yokuhlala yase-Koshi Tappu. Imihlahlandlela isiza ekuhlonzeni izilwane okunzima ukuzibona, ichaza izinkinga zokongiwa kwemvelo, ukubuka izilwane zasendle ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nohambo lwemvelo.
Ukubaluleka Kokonga
I-Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve e-Nepal yamenyezelwa njengesizinda sokuqala se-Ramsar ngo-1987. Leso simo sigcizelela ukubaluleka kwayo ekulondolozweni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zamaxhaphozi kanye nezindawo eziqondene ne-ecology ezidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekunotheni kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni jikelele.
Lesi siqiwi sibalulekile ekulondolozeni izinhlobo ezingasekho, njengenyathi yasendle yasendle (Arna), isilwane esincelisayo sokugcina esitholakala eNepal. Ukuvikela indawo yokuhlala kanye namadlelo alawulwayo njengemisebenzi yokongiwa kwemvelo kuye kwakha kancane kancane inani lezinyathi futhi kwalondoloza nesimiso sazo semvelo esisengozini.
I-Koshi Tappu eco-tourism iphumelela kakhulu ekukhuthazeni izimpilo zasendaweni. Ihlinzeka ngemithombo eqhubekayo yemali engenayo ngokuvakasha okuqondisiwe, izindawo zokuhlala, kanye nokuxoxisana ngamasiko, okukhuthaza umphakathi ukongiwa kwemvelo futhi unike amandla abantu bendawo, njengabantu baseTharu.
Ukuhlanganisa ukongiwa kwemvelo kanye nokuvakasha okusimeme kusho ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo kwezilwane zasendle kanye nezindawo zokuhlala, ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zezomnotho nezenhlalakahle emiphakathini yendawo. I-Koshi Tappu umcimbi obonisa iqiniso lokuthi ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nenhlalakahle yomuntu, kungaba khona ndawonye endaweni ezungezile.
Isiphetho
I-Koshi Tappu iyindawo yamaphupho yombukeli wezinyoni ngempela, enezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-480, okuhlanganisa nezakhamuzi ezingavamile kanye nezinhlobo ezifudukayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zayo ezihlala ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi zakha amathuba ayingqayizivele okubona izinyoni eziningi nezilwane zasendle zibuka nokuthwebula izithombe.
Izivakashi zimenywa ukuthi zihlole i-Koshi Tappu ukuze zizizwele inhlanganisela ehlukile yezilwane zasendle eziningi kanye nolwazi olucebile lwamasiko. Ubukhazikhazi bendawo yokulondoloza imvelo, kanye nemiphakathi yendawo, buzokwenza ukuthi noma yimuphi umhambi abe nesipiliyoni esimangalisayo ngemvelo namasiko.
