Nepal inyika yechishamiso chetsika. Vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana vave vachigara muNepal kubvira kare. Izvi zvakakonzera kupembererwa kwe mitambo yakasiyana-siyana. Mimwe yemitambo iyi inopembererwa muNepal yese, nepo mamwe achipembererwa munzvimbo dzakati.
Vazivi venyeredzi vanogadzirisa misi yemitambo yakawanda ichitevera karenda yemwedzi. Mitambo iyi inopembererwa nechido chikuru, uye nemitambo inodarika makumi mashanu, Nepal inogona kunzi nyika ye mitambo.
Mamwe emitambo mikuru yeNepal ndeaya anotevera:
Dashain:
Dashain ndiwo mutambo mukuru muNepal uye unoratidza kukunda kwezvakanaka pamusoro pezvakaipa. Mutambo uyu inguva yekubatana kwemhuri, kupanana makomborero nezvipo, pamwe chete nemapujas akarongwa.
Ndiko kupembererwa kwesimba rechikadzi kunoratidzwa nekunamatwa kwamwarikadzi Durga mumhando yake mapfumbamwe zuva rega rega remazuva mapfumbamwe ekutanga emutambo. Mutambo uyu unoratidzawo kukunda kwaIshe Ram pamusoro pamambo wemadhimoni, ravanaNgano dzechiHindu dzinotaura nezvekukunda kwe "Durga" pamusoro pedhimoni rinonzi "Mahisasur." Mwarikadzi akauraya dhimoni iri muhondo yakatora mazuva akawanda.
Dashain inopembererwa kwemazuva gumi nemashanu, uye zuva rega rega rine zvarinoreva. Pazuva rokutanga, "Ghatasthapana" chaizvoizvo zvinoreva kugadzika hari. The 15th Zuva racho rinoratidzwa nekugamuchira Tika (chidimbu chetsvuku tsvuku chakasanganiswa neyogati nemupunga, izvo zvinongowanikwa kuNepal chete), Jamara (miti midiki yebhari, chibage, mhodzi dzemupunga), uye makomborero kubva kuvakuru.
Dashain inoitika panguva yekuunza mwedzi makumi maviri kusvika kumwedzi wakazara muna Gumiguru.
Tihar:
Tihar ndiwo mutambo wemwenje uye wakasiyana nekuti unoratidza kuremekedza kuna Mwari nemhuka zvakashandira vanhu zvakanaka.
Mhemberero yacho yakatanga naYama, mwari worufu, uye hanzvadzi yake, Yamuna. Anonzi akatumira kwaari kuti amushanyire kakawanda uye, pakupedzisira, akaenda kunoona mukoma wake pachake. Akamunamata netika nemaruva, achitenderera nemafuta emasitadhi ne“Dubo” - rudzi rwouswa ndokukumbira Yamaraj kuti asaende kusvikira mafuta, “Dubo,” uye ruva raoma, naizvozvo hanzvadzi iri yose yainamata mukoma wayo ichishuva upenyu hwayo hurefu.
Kubva pakunamatwa kwegunguwo, imbwa, mhou, uye nzombe kusvika pakunamatwa kwaYama, Mwari Worufu, Laxmi, Mwarikadzi Wepfuma, uye zvikomborero zvevanun’una vehama, Tihar anozvipeta zvose mukupemberera kwakatsvinda kwemazuva mashanu. Inozivikanwa nekubatidza dzimba nemakenduru, marambi ewiki yemafuta, uye mwenje wemagetsi. Kutamba caroling muchimiro chaDeusi naBhailo kunoitwawo panguva yeTihar.
Nguva yeTihar yakavakirwa pamwedzi mutsva, unogona kudonha muna Mbudzi kana Gumiguru.
Chhath:
Chhath Puja mutambo unoitirwa kunamata mwari wezuva, Surya, anonamatwa sesimba rehupenyu hwepasi, uye hanzvadzi yake Chhathi Maiya kushuvira kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwevana uye hupenyu hwavo hurefu.
Mutambo uyu unosanganisira miitiro netsika dzinokudza zuva netarisiro yokupiwa upenyu hurefu uye hune utano kune iwe nevadiwa vako. Mhemberero yeChhath yakawanikwa muRamayana uye Mahabharata.
MuRamayana, kutangwa kunonzi kunotanga naIshe Ram nomudzimai wake Sita, avo pavakadzoka kubva kuutapwa vanonzi vakachengeta kutsanya mukukudza mwari weZuva ndokuchityora bedzi nokunyura kwezuva. Izvi zvakazoitika muChhath puja. Ari muMahabharata, mwanakomana waIshe Surya Karna anonzi akaita munamato kuna mwari weZuva akamira mumvura uye achipa zvipiriso kune vanoshaya.
Chero kwakabva, Chhath ikozvino inosanganisira mutambo wemazuva mana unosanganisira mabhati matsvene, kutsanya, kunamata, uye kupa zvipiriso kuzuva pakubuda kwezuva nekunyura kwezuva. Mutambo wacho unowira imwe nguva munaOctober kana November.
Maha Shivaratri:
Maha Shivaratri anocherekedza kupemberera kwamwari wechiHindu Shiva. Mutambo unoratidza kurangarira kukunda rima uye kusaziva muhupenyu nenyika. Zuva rinotendwa zvakare uko Shiva akaita Tandav - iyo cosmic dance.
Pane nyaya dzakawanda pamusoro pekwakabva mutambo uyu. Imwe nyaya yakadaro inotaura kuti panguva yeSamudra Manthan - kunyura kwegungwa rekudenga remukaka, hari yakabuda kubva mugungwa yaive nehupfu. Vachifunga kuti zvaizoratidza kuguma kwenyika, vanamwari vose nemadhimoni vakaenda kuna Ishe Shiva, avo vakanwa uye vakaibata pahuro. Saka, zuva rinoratidza kupera kwaIshe Shiva kuponesa nyika.
Mutambo unocherechedzwa nekurangarira Ishe Shiva uye kuimba minyengetero, kutsanya, nekufungisisa. Pakati pezuva rino, Pashupatinath Tembere inopupurira kukwira kukuru kwevatsvene uye vanozvipira panzvimbo yekupa kunamata kwavo.
Kazhinji inowira pakupera kwaFebruary kana kutanga kwaKurume.
Holi:
Holi mutambo wemavara uye unoratidza kukunda kwezvakanaka pane zvakaipa. Inopemberera chirimo, rudo, uye hupenyu hutsva. Mhemberero iyi yavepo nekuparadzwa kwedhimoni Holika. Holika akanga ari mukuda kwake kupisa Muchinda Prahlad, mutsigiri anoshingaira waIshe Vishnu asi akazvipisa kuva madota. Muchinda uyu akanga asina kana kukuvara, uye vanhu vakamumwaya mvura ine mavara mavara kuti vacherechedze kupemberera.
Holi inopembererwa nekunakidzwa kwekutamba nehupfu hweruvara, mvura ine ruvara, uye kunakidzwa kwakawanda nekutamba nekuimba. Vanhu vanofarirawo bhang - musanganiswa wecannabis, mukaka, uye zvinonhuwirira pamwe nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinodiridza mukanwa, sePakoras - spiced fritter, Thandai - chinwiwa chinotapira chine mukaka chine zvinongedzo zvakaita semaarumondi, safroni, uye mhodzi dzepoppy kusimudzira mafambiro emutambo.
Inopembererwa pazuva rekupedzisira remwedzi wakazara weHindu lunisolar mwedzi wekarenda, kazhinji inowira kutanga kwaKurume.
Nepali New Year:
Nepal inopemberera gore idzva panguva yakasiyana zvachose neyapasi rose. Nepal inotevera hurongwa hwakasiyana hwekarenda hunonzi Bikram Sambat, makore 56.7 pamberi pekarenda yezuva yaGregorian. Kwakatangira Gore Idzva reNepali kutangira munguva yaMambo Vikramaditya, uyo aishandisa mwedzi wemwedzi negore rezuva.
Masikati, vanhu vanoshamwaridzana nekushanyira hama dzavo uye kuva neshamwari. Izvi zvinoyeukwa netariro yekuwana makomborero akawanda nekubudirira. Mabasa anofadza akadai sekutamba mumigwagwa nemaparade anoitwawo. Mitambo yakaita semitambo yegore negore yeBisket Jatra neBode Jatra inoitwawo panguva yeGore Idzva. Zviitiko nemapati zvinorongwawo mumahotera nemaresitorendi, kunyanya husiku.
Izvi zvinowira pedyo pakati paApril.
Bisket Jatra:
Bisket Jatra mutambo wemuno wedunhu reBhaktapur nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemuno muNepal. Unoratidzwa nemutambo wevhiki rese uchicherechedza Gore Idzva rekare rezuva. Mutambo uyu wakatangwa naMambo Jagajyoti Malla, uyo aifadzwa nengano nengano pamusoro pemwanasikana wamambo akatukwa, akanaka, izvo zvakaita kuti murume wake afe mangwana acho. Murume akashinga akazomusunungura nekuuraya nyoka dzakakonzera rufu rwemurume. Nyaya iyi yakakurudzira mambo zvakanyanya zvekuti akasarudza kuigadzirazve nekupemberera Bisket Jatra.
Mutambo uyu unotanga mushure metsika yeTantric mutemberi yeBhairav muTaumadhi Tole muBhaktapur. Mutambo uyu unosanganisira kumiswa nekuputsika kweLingo, danda rinoratidza kuputsika kwemuvengi. Kunewo kudhonzana kwehondo kwekusarudza kutyaira ngoro yaIshe Bhairav kungave kumusoro kana pasi peguta.
Kuzora Sindoor (upfu hweorenji hwevermillion) panguva yekugadziriswa kwengoro nekuimba nekutamba zvinoenderana nemimhanzi yechinyakare panguva yekufora kunoitwawo. Chiitiko chekubaya rurimi chinoitwawo nevemhuri yekwaShrestha vemunharaunda yeBode.
Mutambo uyu unopembererwa pakutanga kwegore idzva reNepali, iro rinowira pakati paApril.
Buddha Jayanti:
Buddha Jayanti anocherekedza kuzvarwa kwaBuddha uye mutambo unokosha wevaHindu nemaBhudha muNepal. Inopemberera hupenyu hwaIshe Buddha mumatanho ese - kuzvarwa kwake, kuvhenekerwa, uye kufa. Zvinonzi Buddha akazvarwa, akawana nirvana, uye akafa ese pamwedzi wakazara weBaisakh - mwedzi wekutanga mukarenda yeNepali.
Vanozvipira vanoungana kwaakaberekerwa Buddha muLumbini pazuva iri. Mudungwe unoitwa mangwanani. Masikati, zviitiko zvetsika zvinoitika. Husiku temberi yaMaya Devi - amai vekubereka vaBuddha vakashongedzwa nezviuru zvemarambi. MuKathmandu Valley, kunamatwa kuna Buddha kunobhadharwa pamastupas, kunyanya muSwayambhunath neBoudhanath. Aya ma stupas akashongedzwa nemwenje inoita kuti vanhu vaone murunyararo, kunyanya husiku. Vateveri nemamongi vanopa makenduru, maruva, uye michero yakasiyana kune chinzvimbo chaIshe Buddha. Rusenzi inopiswawo, iyo inozadza mhepo nekunhuhwirira kunofadza.
Inocherechedzwa muna Chivabvu.
Janai Purnima:
Janai Purnima mutambo wechiHindi unopembererwa muNepal yose nekucherechedza tsika dzechiHindu netsika uye tsika dzeShaman. Mutambo uyu pakutanga wakatanga sekuvandudzwa kweJanai - shinda inopfekwa diagonally, kubva pafudzi rekuruboshwe kusvika pachiuno chekurudyi, ichiyambuka chipfuva chevarume veBrahmin, Kshatriya, uye Vaishya caste. Janai anotendwa kuti anochenesa mweya uye anodzivirira muviri kubva kune zvakaipa.
Mutambo uyu wave wakagadzirirwa mhemberero dzakasiyana-siyana. Vaya vanonamata vanosungawo tambo tsvene pamaoko avo pazuva iri. Bani rekumaodzanyemba rinopembererwa seRakshya Bandhan, mutambo wekupemberera chisungo cherudo nerudo pakati pehama nehanzvadzi. Vashamani vemupata weKathmandu nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza Nepal vanounganawo kuti vaite tsika dzavo dzekare. Vagari vemu Kathmandu valley gadzirawo sopu yemusanganiswa webhinzi inonzi Kwati sechikafu chakakosha chezuva iroro.
Zvinoitika mukati memwedzi wakazara Nyamavhuvhu wega wega.
Gai Jatra:
Gai Jatra, zvichireva kuti mutambo wemombe, mhemberero muKathmandu Valley yekurangarira kufa kwevadiwa. Mutambo uyu wakatanga apo Mambokadzi weMalla akabva achema kufa kwemwanakomana wake. Mukuda kumunyaradza, mambo vakakumbira mhuri imwe neimwe yarasikirwa nemudiwa wavo kuti ibude mudungwe kuratidza mambokadzi kuti akanga asiri ega pakutambudzika kwake.
Pamutambo uyu, nhengo dzemhuri, kunyanya vashakabvu vegore rapfuura, vanotumira vanhu, kunyanya vana vakapfeka semombe, kunofora mumigwagwa. Migwagwa inova mhenyu nekuvanza kunge mombe kana Jhankis - varapi vechivanhu vakapfeka masiki. Kugovana kusuwa uye kunyaradzwa nekuziva kuti vadiwa vakarasika vakachengeteka ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekupemberera mutambo uyu. Iyo itsika zvakare yekupwanya nhaurirano dzinosetsa, majee, kunyomba, uye kunyangwe kumira panguva yeGai Jatra.
Kazhinji inowira muna Chikunguru kana Nyamavhuvhu.
Teej:
Mutambo weTeej chiyeuchidzo chekusanganazve kwaShiva naParvati, zuva iro Shiva akamugamuchira semudzimai wake. Iri mhemberero nevakadzi vachikumbira chikomborero chakakosha naIshe Shiva kuti vawane murume akanaka uye kunamatira hupenyu hwavo hurefu uye kubudirira.
Mhemberero iyi yakatanga apo Parvati, mwanasikana waMambo weHimalaya, akatsanya uye akararama hupenyu hwakaoma kwemakore akawanda achida kuroora Shiva. Saka, zuva iri rinocherechedzwa nevakadzi vanotsanya uye kuratidza kuzvipira kwavo nekutamba maawa mukupisa, kunaya uye kusatombonwa mvura kana kudya chikafu zuva rese.
Vakadzi vakaroorwa vanoshevedzwa nevabereki vavo kuzodya pane chimwe chiitiko chinonzi Dar. Vakadzi vakapfeka sari tsvuku uye girini vanogona kuonekwa muNepal yose, kunyanya; mitsetse mirefu yevakadzi vanoedza kunamata mutembere yePashupatinath ndeyechokwadi kuona. Pazuva rechitatu, vakadzi vanogutsa vatsvene vanomwe nokuvapa zvokudya, mari, nezvimwe zvinopiwa. Vamwe vanogeza mumatope matsvuku uye vanokwesha mazino avo neDatiwan - matavi emuti wemugwenzi vachitarisira kucheneswa kwemweya nemuviri.
Zvinoitika muna August.
Losar:
Losar mutambo wakakosha kune vese maBuddha sezvo uchipembererwa zvakanyanya munyika yose. Losar zvinoreva gore idzva uye inopembererwa muNepal nenzira nhatu: iyo Tamu Losar, Sonam Losar, uye Gyalpo Losar. Tamu Lhosar inowira pakupera kwaZvita kana kutanga kwaNdira. Gyalpo Lhosar inopembererwa muna Kubvumbi, nepo Sonam Lhosar ichipembererwa mumwedzi mutsva waKurume.
Zvinoenderana nekarenda yeGurung, Tamu Losar anopembererwa neGurung dzinza muNepal, zvichiratidza kutanga kweSambat Tamu. Zviitiko zvetsika zvakarongwa, uye vanhu vanopfeka zvipfeko zvechinyakare kuti vapinde zvirongwa izvi. Uyewo, pazuva iroro, vanopinda mhemberero nemitambo panzvimbo tsvene dzechiBhudha.
Gyalpo Losar inopembererwa neboka reSherpa uye inotangisa kutanga kweTibetan New Year. Dzimba dzinocheneswa, uye kunyanya kicheni ndiyo nzvimbo inodyira mhuri. Pamhemberero yeGore Idzva, madhishi akati wandei anopihwa, senge Guthunk - rudzi rwedumpling, muto unokosha unosanganisira musanganiswa wenyama, yak cheese, mupunga, gorosi nemiriwo.
Sonam Losar inopembererwa neboka reTamang rinoratidza kutanga kweTamang gore idzva. Pazuva iri, vanhu vanochenesa nekushongedza dzimba dzavo uye vanoshanyira mamongi kuti vanamate uye kuturika mireza. Zuva rino rinoperekedzwazve nekuita kwekutamba kweSelo nemhemberero mumamongi echiBuddha uye stupas. Izvi zvinoitirwa kukunda masimba akaipa uye kupa rubatsiro rwakanaka.
Indra Jatra:
Indra Jatra ndiyo mhemberero huru yechitendero yemumugwagwa muKathmandu, inotangisa kutanga kwemwaka wemutambo wemwedzi wekuvhuvhuta. Kunoratidza kunamatwa kwamwari Indra, mambo wedenga, uye Kumari, mwarikadzi mupenyu.
Mambo Gunakamadeva akatanga mutambo wekurangarira kuvambwa kweguta reKathmandu. Mutambo unotanga nekugadzwa kweLinga - danda kubva kune iyo banner yeIndra inobatwa. Madhanzi akafukidzwa ane madhiramu ane ruzha emimhanzi anoitika mumugwagwa anenge manheru ega ega. Kune zvakare Kumari ngoro dzemabhiza panguva yemutambo uyu.
Nzvimbo dzinoyera uye zvivakwa zvekare zvemuzinda zvakatenderedza Kathmandu Durbar Square zviri kupenya netambo dzemafuta panguva yemutambo uyu. Pamberi petemberi yeKumari, pane zvakare chirevo chinoratidza kumisikidzwa kwepasi kwaIshe Vishnu.
Inowira munaSeptember.
Ghode Jatra:
Ghode Jatra MutamboGhode Jatra inoshandurudzwa senge bhiza parade, uye nenzira kwayo, mutambo uyu unoumbwa nemabhiza muTundikhel, Kathmandu. Dhimoni Tundi rinonzi rakavhundutsa vanhu kwenguva yakareba. Akazourayiwa, uye vanhu vakafara nekutasva mabhiza pamusoro pemuviri wake. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti dhimoni racho richiri tyisidziro, uye gore rimwe nerimwe, ruzha rwemahwanda ebhiza runodiwa kuti adzivise mweya wake.
Pakati pezuva rino, mauto epamusoro ndarira, vakuru vakuru vehurumende, uye vamiriri vanouya kuTundikhel kuzoona mijaho yemabhiza uye acrobatics. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kana mabhiza achimhanya zvikuru, mudzimu wedhimoni wacho unokurumidza kukundwa. Mutambo webhiza unoratidzwa munhevedzano yehunyanzvi. Mauto anoratidzawo hunyanzvi hwavo semaparatroopers ane ndege iri kubhururuka pedyo. Marudzi matsva muKathmandu Valley anocherechedzawo mutambo nemabiko. Vanotakurawo mifananidzo yamwarikadzi Bhadrakali namwarikadzi Kankeshwari pamusoro pemigwagwa midiki yeAsan husiku hweGhode Jatra.
Inocherechedzwa gore negore pakati paKurume kana kutanga kwaApril.
Pakupedzisira,
Kushanyira Nepal panguva yemhemberero inzira yechokwadi yekuwana kuratidzwa kwetsika muNepal. Kana ukaronga kuona nhaka yeNepal uye tsika, zvinofanirwa kuongorora Nepal panguva yemitambo iyi. Iyi mitambo inopararira gore rose, saka pakukunakira kwako, unogona kuwana mukana wekusangana nechidimbu chetsika dzeNepal.
