Ufunani ngenkathi uhamba ngezinyawo? Ingabe kuyintokozo yokuphila konke, ingabe ukuxhumana okuseduze nemvelo namasiko, noma imibono emihle? Mhlawumbe yikho konke, kodwa ukuhamba ngezinyawo eNepal kuyinselele, futhi ungakhathazeki ngesikhathi nemali okufanele isetshenziswe. Uma lokhu kwesaba kukuvimbela ekubeni nesipiliyoni sempilo yakho, usufike endaweni efanele.
Ukuhamba ngesikebhe e-Annapurna Base Camp (ABC) yilokho kanye okufunayo eholidini lakho elilandelayo. Ukuhamba ngesikebhe kusukela ePokhara kungenziwa ngezifiso ngezindlela eziningi zokujikeleza kanye nokwandiswa. Ukuhamba ngesikebhe kuzokuhambisa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, amadolobhana amahle, kanye nezindawo ezinhle. Ngezansi kunezizathu eziyishumi eziphambili zokuhamba ngesikebhe e-Annapurna Base Camp (ABC).
1. I-Annapurna Massif: I-ABC Trek ikusondela e- Annapurna Massif , equkethe iziqongo ezingu-30, okuhlanganisa nentaba yeshumi ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni jikelele, i-Annapurna I (8091 m). Ezinye iziqongo zihlanganisa iziqongo ezingu-13 ezingaphezu kuka-7000 m kanye nezingu-16, ngaphezu kwalokho ezingama-6000 m. I-massif ingamakhilomitha angu-55 ubude futhi izungezwe uMfula iMarsayangdi enyakatho nasempumalanga, iPokhara Valley eningizimu, kanye neKali Gandaki Gorge entshonalanga. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga, i-massif ihlanganisa isigodi esiphakeme esibizwa ngokuthi i-Annapurna Sanctuary. Ukukhuphuka i-Annapurna Massif, ikakhulukazi i-Annapurna I, kubhekwa njengenselele kakhulu futhi eyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni kodwa ukuyithanda le massif enkulu akudingeki kube yingozi. I-ABC Trek ikuthatha ikuyise eduze ukuze ubukele uhla lwe-Annapurna.
Kuwo wonke uhambo, uzothola imibono embalwa yalezi ziqongo. Ukusuka ePokhara, iziqongo zezintaba ezivelele njengeMachhapuchhre (6993m) kanye nezinye iziqongo ze-Annapurna Himal ziyabonakala. I-Poonhill 3210m , indawo ephambukayo ye-ABC Trek, ingenye yezindawo ezidumile zesifunda, ezikuvumela ukuthi ubone iziqongo zeqhwa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwelanga. Ekamu eliyisisekelo ngokwalo, uzojabulela umbono wama-degree angu-360 e-Annapurna Massif emangalisayo, okuhlanganisa i-Annapurna I (8091m), i-Annapurna III (7555M), i-Gangapurna (7454m), i-Annapurna South (7219m), i-Machhapuchhre (6993m), i-Singu Chuli (6501m) kanye ne-Hiunchuli (6441m).
2. Indawo Enhle Kakhulu: Indlela ye-ABC idlula ezindaweni ezinhle nezithule. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokubona lokhu kusentwasahlobo lapho ama-rhododendrons eqhakaza ngokugcwele. Imizila imbozwe ulwandle lwezimbali ezibomvu nezipinki kanye nengemuva leziqongo ezimbozwe yiqhwa.
Ngokufanayo, amasimu aluhlaza, izindlu zikanokusho zodaka, nemigqa yezihlahla ezibomvana nezibomvu ezikleliswe ezindleleni kwenza idili lamehlo. Umzila uzokuyisa ngaphansi kwe-bamboo understory. Ngokufanayo, kunezimpophoma neziphethu ezihlanzekile endleleni yonke, futhi uzowela imifudlana nemifula eminingi ngamabhuloho enziwe ngokhuni.
Abantu abahlala ngaseSinwa, eDovan, nasezintabeni ze-Himalaya basebenzisa uqalo njengendawo yokukhosela izilwane zabo, uphahla nokwenza imisebenzi yezandla. Ungakwazi futhi ukuthenga imisebenzi yezandla lapha. Nakuba izikhathi ezingcono kakhulu zohambo lwe-ABC kuyikwindla (September – November) kanye nentwasahlobo (March-May), kukhona okumele kuzuzwe kwezinye izinkathi zonyaka. Isibonelo, ehlobo noma emvula (Juni - Aug), imizila igcwele ama-orchid asendle, isibusiso kusazi sezitshalo esishisekayo. Ungafakaza nama-raptor angu-500, ikakhulukazi izinkozi ezifudukela entshonalanga usuku ngalunye kusukela ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba kuya kuNovemba.
3. Jabulela Okuhlangenwe Nakho Kwendlu Yetiye: Umzila wokuhamba ngezinyawo we-ABC uqhutshwa yizindawo zokuphuza itiye zendabuko, ezinikeza ukudla nendawo yokukhosela kubahambi ngenkokhelo. Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokuhlela amatende nokuthwala ukudla okuningi. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, lezi zindlu zazihlinzeka ngetiye nokudla kumaqembu okuvakasha ngaphambi kokuba zibe izindawo zokuhweba. Ngakho-ke, igama elithi indlu yetiye lanikezwa futhi belilokhu likhona kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Ama-teahouse ahlinzeka ngombhede ofudumele nokudla, ngisho nama-bakery endawo ahlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zama-pie, ama-pastries, nama-brownies. Ama-teahouse avame ukuba namakamelo anemibhede emibili; amanye ahlinzeka ngezindlu zangasese ezinamathele kanti amanye ahlinzekwa ngezindlu zangasese zomphakathi. Ungajabulela ukungenisa izihambi okufudumele kwabantu bendawo lapha, uhlanganyele nabanikazi bendawo, futhi ubone ukuthi ukudla kulungiswa kanjani ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngokufanayo, kunezindawo ezinkulu zomphakathi lapho ungaxhumana khona nabanye abahamba ngezinyawo abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba.
4. Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza ngokwezifiso isikhathi sokuhamba ngezinyawo noma ukuthatha izindlela eziphambukayo kanye nokwandiswa : Uhambo lwe-ABC lukuvumela ukuthi wenze ngokwezifiso isikhathi sakho sokuhamba ngezinyawo, ulwenze lube lufushane noma lube lude ngokwesikhathi sakho. Uhambo olufushane lwe-ABC luthatha izinsuku ezinhlanu ukuqedela ngokushayela usuka ePokhara uye eSiwai bese uhamba uye eChhomrong – Himalaya – ABC bese ubuyela ePokhara, kanti uhambo olude kakhulu luncike ezindleleni eziphambukayo kanye nokwandiswa okwenzayo.
Uma unohambo oluguquguqukayo, ungajabulela izindlela eziphambukayo kanye nohambo oluseceleni. Ukufakwa kweGhorepani-Poon Hill noma iGhandruk kufanelekile izindlela eziphambukayo. Ngokufanayo, ezinye izindlela zokwandisa uhambo lwe-ABC zifaka phakathi i-Annapurna Circuit Trek, iMardi Himal, noma uhambo lweKhopra Danda, noma ukuzizwa unesibindi kakhulu kunohambo lwe- Upper Mustang.
Ukusuka e-Poon Hill, e-Annapurna South, e-Machhapuchhre, e-Hinchuli, e-Annapurna III, e-Dhampus, nase-Dhaulagiri II ingajatshulelwa, kuyilapho i-Ghandruk iyindawo ye-Gurung evakashelwa izivakashi. Lawa uhambo lwendawo okuyiwa kuyo ngokwalo. Zonke lezi zindlela ziqondana e-Chhomrong futhi ziholela ekamu eliyisisekelo.
I-Annapurna Circuit Trek ithatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-17 ukuqeda ngazinye. I-ABC Trek kanye ne -Annapurna Circuit Trek nazo zihlangana eChhomrong. I-Mardi Himal kanye ne-Khopra Danda Trek ziyimizila engaziwa kakhulu kune-ABC trek, kodwa imizila engajwayelekile inikeza ulwazi olujwayelekile lokuhamba ngezinyawo eNepal. Ngayinye, uhambo lwe-Mardi luthatha izinsuku ezinhlanu ukuqeda, kanti i-Khopra Danda Trek ithatha cishe izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. I- Mardi Himal Trek ihambisana ne -ABC Trek eLandruk , kanti i-Khopra Danda ihamba ne-ABC Trek eTadapani. Nokho, i- Upper Mustang Trek ikuyisa ezweni eliyimfihlakalo lombuso wamaBuddha wakudala i-Mustang, obizwa nangokuthi i-Lo, futhi idlula kwenye yezindawo ezomile kakhulu eNepal futhi ithatha cishe izinsuku ezingu-15 ukuqeda ngazinye. Ihambisana ne-ABC Trek eGhorepani.
5. Hamba ngezinyawo udlule kuphrojekthi ye-Annapurna Conservation Area: Isabalale ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha-skwele angu-7629; indawo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo iyikhaya lezinhlobo eziningana zezitshalo nezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Iyikhaya lezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingu-1,352, izinhlobo zezilwane zasendle ezincelisayo ezingu-128, izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingu-518, izinhlobo ezingu-40 zezilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinhlobo ezingu-23 zezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, kanye nezinhlobo ezingu-348 zezinambuzane.
Lesi sifunda siyikhaya lezilwane ezisengcupheni yokushabalala emhlabeni jikelele njenge-Chinese Pangolin, i-Endangered Himalayan Musk Deer, i-Tibetan Antelope, ne-Red Panda kanye nezinhlobo ezisengozini njenge-Himalayan Black Bear, i-Clouded Leopard, phakathi kwezinye. I-Conservation Area yasungulwa ngo-1986, futhi kwaba kuphela ngo-1996 lapho i-ACAP yanwetshwa khona enyakatho ukuze ihlanganise ne-ABC.
Indawo Yokulondolozwa Kwemvelo ivikela nemizana yabantu bomdabu baseGurung naseMagar. Lezi zisebenza njengeminyuziyamu ephilayo yamasiko namasiko abo. Indawo Yokulondolozwa Kwemvelo ilandela Uhlelo Lokulondolozwa Nokuthuthukiswa Oludidiyelwe oluhlanganyelwe, oluyisibonelo esihle sokulondolozwa komphakathi eNepal nasemhlabeni jikelele. Lapha ezokuvakasha kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo kulawulwa yiProjekthi Yendawo Yokulondolozwa Kwemvelo yase-Annapurna eyenziwa yiNational Trust for Nature Conservation, eyayaziwa ngokuthi yiKing Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation.
6. Vakashela i-Annapurna Sanctuary: I-ABC Trek iphinde ivumele uhambo oluya e-Annapurna Sanctuary, indawo engcwele yeqhwa. Ithafa eliyindilinga lihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-4000 futhi lizungezwe yi-Annapurna South, i-Annapurna I, nezinye iziqongo. Ngenxa yokuthi lizungezwe yizintaba eziphakeme kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, i-Sanctuary ithola amahora angu-7 kuphela okukhanya kwelanga ngosuku lapho ihlobo liphezulu. Imithambeka ebheke enyakatho ye-Sanctuary inesimo sezulu esomile nesibandayo esifana nese-Tibetan Plateau eseduze. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imithambeka ebheke eningizimu ye-Sanctuary imbozwe amahlathi aminyene asezindaweni ezishisayo e-rhododendron kanye ne-bamboo.
Ukuphuma nokushona kwelanga ikakhulukazi kubukeka kuwumlingo eNdaweni Engcwele. I-Milky Way kanye neminye imilaza nayo ingabukwa ngokucace kakhulu kusukela lapha. ISanctuary kukholakala ukuthi iyikhaya labonkulunkulu abaningana, abavela eHinduism naseBuddhism nakonkulunkulu abadala be-animist. Abantu bendawo bakholelwa ukuthi onkulunkulu bahlala ngaphansi kwezintaba, futhi ukubulala noma yiziphi izilwane eziphilayo ezizungezile le ndawo akuvunyelwe. Babekholelwa nokuthi kwakuyinqolobane yegolide nengcebo ehlukahlukene eyashiywa amaNaga, onkulunkulu bezinyoka.
7. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwamasiko: Emizileni ye-ABC Trek, uzohlangana nengxubevange yamaqembu ezinhlanga, ngakho-ke amaqembu ezinhlanga ezahlukene azokwamukela njengoba ukhuphuka. AmaGurung, amaMagar, amaThakali, amaManangi, amaBrahmin, amaChhetri, namaNewar ahlala kulesi sifunda. Izindawo eziphakeme zihlanganisa amaBrahman namaChhetri, kanti izindawo eziphakeme zihlanganisa abantu baseHimalaya baseMongoloid. Laba ikakhulukazi amaGurung namaMagar, akhonza namaBattalion aseGorkha. Ukuma kulezi zindawo kuzokunikeza isikhathi esanele sokuxhumana nabo nokujwayelana namasiko abo.
Ungathola futhi imininingwane ngesitayela sabo sokuphila, ukudla, nezingubo. Esikhathini esedlule kuze kube sekuqaleni kwawo-80s, abantu abaningi bafudukela ezindaweni eziphansi ukuze bahlaliswe kabusha ngenxa yokwehla kohwebo kanye nokuwohloka komkhiqizo wezolimo. Nokho-ke ngenxa yokwanda kwezokuvakasha, imindeni eminingi isibuyile ukuzotshala imali emabhizinisini ahlobene.
I-Ghandruk ingelinye lamadolobhana anjalo eduze nomzila. Izindlu ezifulelwe nge-slate eduze kwenkundla ye-paddy zenza idolobhana lonke libukeke kahle. Lapha ungakwazi futhi ukugqoka imvunulo yendabuko ye-Gurung. Yindawo ekahle yokuphumula futhi uvuselele uhambo oluzayo. Ngokunjalo, eChhomrong, yonke indawo iphethwe yiMother's Group, ehlanganisa ukugcina umuzi uhlanzekile futhi iqoqe imali yokugcina umkhondo. Baphinde bahlele izinhlelo zamasiko zabavakashi.
8. Ukufinyeleleka Kulula kanye nezindleko ezifanelekile ukuya esicongweni esiphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni: Uhambo lwe-ABC lufinyeleleka kalula usuka ePokhara. Ukuze ufike ePokhara, ungathatha ibhasi lamahora ayi-6 noma indiza yemizuzu engama-25 usuka eKathmandu. Ngokuvamile, usuka ePokhara, ungathatha ihora eli-1.5 ngemoto uye eNayapul bese uhamba ngezinyawo uye e-Ulleri bese uqhubeka nohambo lwakho ngosuku olulandelayo. Noma ungathatha ihora eli-2 ngemoto usuka ePokhara uye eGhandruk bese uqala ukuhamba ngezinyawo ngosuku olulandelayo. Kunezimoto zasendaweni zokufika eNayapul noma eGhandruk, ngakho-ke ungonga imali encane.
Ngokunjalo, abahambi abanolwazi olumaphakathi lokuqwala izintaba bangenza lolu hambo kalula. Umzila unakekelwa kahle futhi umakwe kahle. Izingane ezineminyaka eyishumi ubudala seziluqedile lolu hambo. Ngakho, ungakwazi futhi ukuhlela uhambo oluhle lomndeni.
Ikamu Eliyisisekelo limi ku-4130m, kanti iPokhara, isango lokuhamba ngezinyawo eliya esifundeni sase-Annapurna , likuma-1400 m. Ngakho-ke ukugula ngenxa yokuphakama akunakugwenywa, kodwa ukuthuthwa ngendiza enophephela emhlane nakho kuyatholakala. Ukuhamba ngezinyawo udlula eGhorepani kuvumela umzimba wakho ukuthi ujwayele izindawo eziphakeme. Ngakho-ke, ngenkathi uhlela uhambo, kuhle ukuqonda isidingo somzimba wakho sokuzivumelanisa nendawo entsha uma ubuhlela ukuhamba ngezinyawo ngokushesha.
Ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho okujabulisayo okunikezwa uhambo, izindleko zincane uma kuqhathaniswa nanoma yiluphi olunye uhambo oluya ezintabeni emhlabeni jikelele. Izingosi zokuvakasha eziningi nazo ziyatholakala ukuze zikusize uhlele futhi wenze amalungiselelo. Izindleko zincike enanini lezinsuku ezinikezelwe ohambweni kanye nenkathi yokuhamba ngezinyawo. Imvamisa, u-Okthoba kuya kuNovemba noma uMashi - u-Ephreli yizinkathi zokuhamba futhi zimatasa futhi zibiza kakhulu. Ukugeza ngamanzi ashisayo, ukushaja izinto zakho zikagesi, nokusebenzisa i-wifi kuzoletha izindleko ezengeziwe. Isici sezindleko sihlanganisa nemvume yokuzama ye-ACAP (cishe u-$30) kanye nemvume ye-TIMS (cishe ama-$10). E-Kathmandu, izimvume namakhadi e-TIMS angathengwa e-Nepal Tourism Board Office e-Pradarshani Marg. E-Pokhara, izimvume zingathengwa e-Nepal Tourism Board Service Centre e-Damside, futhi amakhadi e-TIMS angathengwa ehhovisi le-TAAN Lakeside e-Santi Patan.
9. Izici Zebhonasi: Akuvamile ukuthi kube namakamu amabili angaphansi ambozwe uhambo olulodwa kodwa i-ABC Trek inikeza ukumbozwa kwamakamu amabili angaphansi - i-Annapurna ne-Machhapuchhre. Kula makamu angaphansi, uthola imibono eseduze yesihloko salezi ziqongo kanye neqhwa. Kuyinto engavamile ukubona lezi zintaba ezimbili eduze phakathi nesikhathi esifushane kangaka sokuhamba ngezinyawo.
I-Machhapuchhre itholakala endaweni eseningizimu kububanzi, futhi ngenxa yendawo ephansi kakhulu, iyala ukukhululeka okukhulu okuma mpo ebangeni elifushane elivundlile. Ihlukaniseka ikakhulukazi ngenxa yeziqongo ezingamawele, isici ngenxa yalokho yaziwa nangokuthi i-Fish Tail Mountain.
I-Machhapuchhre ihlonishwa abantu bendawo njengengcwele kakhulu eNkosini Shiva futhi ivinjelwe ukukhuphuka, kodwa inganconywa kulo lonke lolu hambo. Okuwukuphela komzamo oqinisekisiwe wenziwa ithimba laseBrithani elaliholwa uLieutenant Colonel Jimmy Roberts ngo-1957. Ukukhuphuka kwawela kumamitha angu-150 engqungqutheleni kuhambisana nezwi lokuhlonipha elinikezwe iNkosi uMahendra. Abaqwali uWilfrid Noyce kanye no-ADM Cox bakhuphukele phezulu endaweni esenyakatho. Azikho izimvume zokuqwala intaba ezike zakhishwa ngemuva kwalokho.
Futhi, lapho ususondele ekupheleni kohambo (noma ekuqaleni kohambo, kuye ngokuthi uthatha yiphi indlela), uzophathwa ngesiphethu semvelo esishisayo osebeni lweModi Khola ngaphansi nje kweJhinu Danda. Ngemva kokungena endlini yakho yetiye, hamba phansi uqonde phansi imizuzu engama-30 udlula ehlathini eliluhlaza uze ufike esiphethu semanzi esishisayo. Kukholakala ukuthi sinamandla okuphulukisa futhi sisusa izinhlungu zomzimba. Ukucwilisa umzimba wakho esiphethu semvelo kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuzoqeda ukukhathala nobuhlungu bokuhamba ngezinyawo.
Kodwa-ke, indawo ivalwa ngesikhathi sezimvula kusukela ngoJuni kuya kuJulayi, futhi ukucwiliswa okuncane akuvunyelwe. Ngokuya ngesikhathi sonyaka kanye nezinga lamanzi, kungenzeka futhi ukucwilisa emanzini aneqhwa omfula. Uma ubuyela echibini elishisayo, uzozwa ukushisa okujabulisayo. Kodwa izinyathelo zokuphepha kufanele zilandelwe. Umhlahlandlela uzokwazisa uma umthamo womfula unamandla kakhulu noma uma izinga lamanzi liphezulu kakhulu. Ngemva kokucwiliswa emanzini ashisayo ihora elihle elilandelwa ukugeza okusheshayo, buyela emuva ukuze uthole isidlo sakusihlwa, nokulala ebusuku e-teahouse. Uzokhululeka kakhulu ekugcineni kangangokuthi ngeke ube nandaba nomqansa wemizuzu engu-45 ubuyela endlini yetiye.
10. I-Pokhara: I-Pokhara iyisisekelo se-ABC Trek, futhi ibhalwe njengesizathu ngoba i-Pokhara imane nje iyidolobha elihle kakhulu elisezintabeni. I-Pokhara inezindawo eziningi zokukugcina ujabule. Ukujabulela nje indawo ezungeze i-Pokhara kuyinto enhle kakhulu. I-Pokhara ibizwa ngokuthi idolobha lamachibi, futhi ayikho edume kakhulu kune-Phewa Lake, lapho ungahamba khona ngesikebhe futhi ujabulele ukubonakaliswa kwe-Mt. Machhapuchhre nezinye iziqongo zezintaba zezintaba zase-Annapurna nase -Dhaulagiri . Ungahlela futhi ukuhamba ngezinyawo okufushane ngenkathi use-Pokhara. Ungathatha uhambo oluhle lokuya eSarangkot, futhi ngenkathi ukuyo, ungajabulela nokuhamba nge-paragliding noma i-parahawking. Ngenxa yokubukwa okuhle kwezintaba nechibi kanye nomoya ozinzile, i-Pokhara yaziwa njengenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu ze-paragliding emhlabeni. Ungavakashela ne-Davis fall, i-Gupteswor Gupha, i-International Mountain Museum, i-Peace Stupa, phakathi kwezinye.
I-Pokhara iphinde ibe nokukhethwa okuhle kokudla kanye nobusuku obujabulisayo. Ngaphezu kokudla kwaseNepal , ezinye izinhlobo zokudla ezifana ne-Vietnamese, i-Italian, i-Indian, i-Spanish, i-Mexican, i-Japanese, i-Chinese, kanye ne-Korean zingajatshulelwa lapha. Idolobha liphinde libe nezindawo zokuphuzela ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izitudiyo ze-yoga kanye nokuzindla, kanye namachibi okubhukuda. Ukuhlola i-Pokhara ngemuva kohambo lwakho kungaba yindlela ephelele yokuqeda iholide lakho eliphelele.
Isiphetho
Uhambo lwe-Annapurna Base Camp alufani nanoma yimuphi omunye uhambo lokuhamba ngezinyawo. Sekukaningi kufakwe ohlwini lokuhamba ngezinyawo eziyishumi ezihamba phambili emhlabeni manje kaningi. Ubuhle, isiko, nezintaba kuyokwenza kube yinto yokuphila konke. Uhambo oluzolile oluya emvelweni ene-rhododendron eqhakaza endleleni kanye nokubukwa okuzayo kwe-Annapurna Massif kuyithuba elihle kakhulu ongaliphuthelwa.
