Indlela enqumla kwi-Khumbu Icefall, indlela ekhokelela kwelona ncopho iphakamileyo emhlabeni, idume ngokuyingozi kangangokuba nama-Sherpas anamava ayathandabuza ukuhamba xa kukhanya ilanga.
IKhumbu Icefall, umlambo womkhenkce—ikhilomitha okanye ngaphezulu, udla ngokuwelwa ebusuku okanye ekuseni abakhweli bebeka izibane kwizigcina-ntloko.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, indlela iwelwa phakathi kwe-3 am kunye ne-5 am, ixesha apho iibhloko zomkhenkce kunye nee-glaciers ezijingayo zizinzile kwaye ingozi ye-avalanche iphantsi.
Ebudeni bemini, njengoko ilanga lifudumeza intaba, imikhenkce ejingayo iqalisa ukunyibilika ize umkhenkce uqalise ukuwohloka, nto leyo ebangela ingozi yokungqubana kwemvula.
Ngomhla we-18 kuTshazimpuzi ka-2014, i-avalanche eyabakho ngenxa yokuwa kweserac yangcwaba abakhokeli beesherpa abali-16 kwiKhumbu Icefall ekhokelele ekurhoxisweni kohambo lwexesha lonyaka.
I-Database ye-Himalayan ibhale ukufa kwe-44 kwi-Icefall ukusuka kwi-1953 ukuya kwi-2016. Kodwa kukho iindaba ezilungileyo.
Phantse kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe emva kokuba uEdmund Hillary noTenzing Norgay Sherpa bengabantu bokuqala ukunqumla i-Everest , besebenzisa indlela yabo eqhelekileyo yeSoutheast Ridge, iqela laseNepal-French lathi lihlolisise enye indlela yokuphepha i-Khumbu Icefall eyingozi.
IKhumbu Icefall isuka kwi-5,500 ukuya kwi-5,800 yeemitha kwaye ilele ngaphezulu kwenkampu yase-Everest, apho amakhulu abakhweli abeka iintente zethutyana ngonyaka ngexesha lokunyuka kwentwasahlobo. Umceli mngeni wokuqala kumkhweli ngamnye kukujongana ne-Icefall ebulalayo.
“Enye indlela esiye sayivavanya ngoNovemba yokudlula iKhumbu Icefall edume kakubi iza kuvavanywa ngexesha lokunyuka kwentwasahlobo kulo nyaka uzayo ukuze kubonwe ukuba ingenzeka na ngokwentengiso,” utshilo umkhweli weentaba waseFransi uMarc Batard.
"Sikholelwa ukuba luhambo olusindisa ubomi."
NgoSeptemba 1988, kwathatha uMarc, umkhweli weentaba oneminyaka engama-70 owazalelwa eVilleneuve-sur-Lot, iiyure ezingama-22 kuphela kunye nemizuzu eyi-29 ukufikelela kwincopho ye-Everest ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ioksijini ebhotileni, eyamenza ukuba angene kwiGuinness Book of Records. Irekhodi lahlala lingaphulwanga iminyaka eyi-10.
Emva kowe-1988, wafumana impumelelo yesibini ye-Everest ngo-1990.
Ngoku, uMarc ubuyele e-Everest emva kwamashumi amathathu eminyaka. “Umsebenzi wam ngeli xesha kukusindisa ubomi babakhweli,” utshilo uMarc, onabantwana abathathu nabazukulwana abalithoba. "Ndiqinisekile ukuba indlela iya kusebenza ngokurhweba."
UMarc ukwaceba ukuphinda impumelelo yakhe kwi-Everest njengoko eceba ukunyuka i-Everest ngokulandela indlela ayenzileyo. “Ndiza kunyuka i- Everest eyi-8,848.86 yeemitha entwasahlobo ezayo ngaphandle kwenkxaso ye-oxygen ebhotileni,” utshilo uMarc.
Ukuba uyaphumelela, uMarc akayi kuba ngoyena mkhweli mdala nje kuphela ofikelela kweyona ncopho iphakamileyo emhlabeni ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ioksijini eyongezelelekileyo kodwa uya kuba nguvulindlela kwindlela entsha.
UmNtaliyane u-Abele Blanc okwangoku ubambe irekhodi lomntu omdala kunabo bonke, owafika kwi-summit ngo-2010 eneminyaka eyi-55 kunye neentsuku ze-264 ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-oxygen ebhotile.
UMarc ubanga ukuba yena neqela lakhe baphonononge indlela entsha ngoNovemba. Isicwangciso, nangona kunjalo, saqala entwasahlobo. UMarc weza eNepal ngentwasahlobo kwaye wenza uphando lwasemoyeni ngendlela ecetywayo.
Umsebenzi wasentsimini waqala ngoNovemba.
Iqela lamalungu asixhenxe elikhokelwa nguMarc kunye noPasang Nuru Sherpa, kuquka unyana kaMarc, benyuka indlela entsha ukusuka ngoNovemba 15. Uvavanyo lwesigaba sokuqala lwaphela kwaze kwaba nguNovemba 21.
Iqela lenze iGorak Shep kumgama oziimitha ezingama-5,140 kwinkampu yabo.
“Emva koko sahamba ngentaba iMt Nuptse, intaba eselumelwaneni,” utshilo uMarc. I-Nuptse (7,861m), i-Everest, kunye ne-Lhotse (8,516m) zizithsaba ezintathu zeKhumbu ezijongene enye kwenye.
“Indlela entsha ilandela ilitye elineembombo ezantsi kwecala leMt Nuptse,” wongeze watsho uMarc. Kunzima kancinci ukutyhubela amatye, iliwa elithe nkqo. Kodwa emva kokuba linyukile, kuba lula ukuhamba indlela esuka apho.”
Ngokumalunga, kuthatha iiyure ezisixhenxe ukugubungela umgama ojikeleze i-1,000 leemitha ukufikelela kwindawo ekwi-6,200 yeemitha usebenzisa indlela entsha esuka kwisiseko saseGorak Shep, edibana neCamp 1 ku-6,065 yeemitha ngaphezulu kwe-Icefall.
“Oku kuyakudlula ngokupheleleyo iKhumbu Icefall yobuqhophololo.
Ikampu yoku-1 yinkampu yokwexeshana apho uninzi lwabakhweli luchitha ubusuku bonke.
NgokukaMarc, kwimizila emalunga ne-1,000 leemitha ubude, bafumene i-700 yeemitha kuphela. Iimitha ezingama-300 eziseleyo zazisele zisetyenziswa.
UMarc uceba iinkampu ezimbini-enye kwi-6,200 yeemitha kunye nenye kwi-7,800 yeemitha.
“Kodwa sifuna izixhobo ezomeleleyo notyalo-mali ukwenza le ndlela ikwazi urhwebo,” utshilo uMarc.
Umkhweli wentaba uthe kufuneka naphi na phakathi kwe-300,000 kunye ne-500,000 yee-euro ukufakela ngokusisigxina amagwegwe entsimbi okanye ii-rock pitons ngokugrumba i-rock spur.
Ngeentsimbi zentsimbi, inokusetyenziswa ngamaqela amakhulu kunye ne-Sherpas elayishwe kakhulu enikezela ngeetoni zeentente, ukutya kunye neesilinda ze-oksijini ukuya kwi-Camp 3 kunye ne-Camp 4, iindawo zokuphumla zabakhweli.
“Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iKhumbu Icefall ithathwa njengenye yeendawo eziyingozi zokukhwela emhlabeni,” utshilo uPasang Nuru Sherpa, oceba ukukhwela i-Everest isihlandlo seshumi elinesihlanu kunyaka ozayo.
Abakhokeli abanamava baseSherpa balungisa iileli phezu kwezithuba ezinkulu kwiKhumbu Icefall apho kukho iinduli ezitshintshayo nezitshintshayo ngokwexesha lonyaka.
Iqela loogqirha bokuwela umkhenkce liqale lilungise indlela enqumla kwi-Icefall ngokufaka amakhulu eeleli kwiindawo ezinqamlezileyo.
“Kubakhweli beSherpa abaphezulu, kuthatha iiyure ezine okanye ezintlanu ukuhamba ngomkhenkce,” utshilo uPasang Nuru. "Le yiprojekthi yokulinga. Ukuba iyaphumelela, ayizukunciphisa kuphela umthwalo wabasebenzi abaphezulu kodwa iya kuthintela nokufa."
“Kunzima ukuqabela amatye kodwa kungcono kakhulu kunokuhamba kwi-Icefall. "Ukuba le ndlela intsha ingqineke ilungile, kufuneka umntu axhase ngemali. Le yiprojekthi enkulu. Silindele inkxaso karhulumente."
Uhambo alufunyenwanga.
UMarc ufuna ukuthiya indlela entsha ethi Sundare ukuze anike imbeko kumkhokeli ongasekhoyo we-Sherpa owamkhuthaza ukuba anyuke i-Everest kwaye aphule irekhodi lesantya ngo-1988.
UMarc unyuke iintaba ezintandathu kwezili-14 zehlabathi ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-8,000—ezintathu zeentaba ngonyaka omnye.
Inkulungwane yakhe yokuqala eyisibhozo yayinguGasherbrum II ePakistan ngo-1975. Wenza ukunyuka kokuqala kwebusika eDhaulagiri ngoDisemba 1987.
Kwi-1988, uMarc wenyuka iMakalu (i-8,463m) kwaye ngoSeptemba ngaloo nyaka, wenyuka i-summit ye-Cho Oyu (i-8,201m) kumda we-Tibet-Nepal. Wakhwela iShishapangma eTshayina ngo-1998.
“Ndizimisele. Ndiza kubuya entwasahlobo kulo nyaka uzayo ukuza kuvavanya iprojekthi yokusindisa ubomi,” utshilo uMarc.
Umthombo: I-Kathmandu Post
