Selelekela
Nepal, e tsejoang ka molao e le Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, ke naha e pota-potiloeng ke naha e lipakeng tsa baahisani ba litonanahali tse peli, China ka leboea le India ka boroa, bochabela le bophirima. Ho sa tsotellehe boholo ba sebaka sa eona, Nepal e tsebahala lefatšeng ka bophara ka libaka tsa eona tse tsotehang, mefuta-futa ea litso, haholo-holo lithaba tsa eona tse ntle tsa Himalaya. Naha ena e tloha lithoteng tse bataletseng tsa Terai ka boroa ho ea litlhōrōng tse phahameng tsa Himalaya ka leboea, e fana ka phapang e tsotehang ea boemo ba leholimo, jeokrafi le mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang. Hangata Nepal e bitsoa “Naha ea Lithaba Tsa Himalaya” kaha ke lehae la lithaba tse robeli ho tse 14 tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, tseo kaofela li leng ka holimo ho limithara tse 8 000 (26,246 ft).
Lebenyane la moqhaka oa Nepal ke Mount Everest, e tsejoang sebakeng sa heno e le Sagarmatha naheng ea Nepali le Chomolungma naheng ea Tibetan, e bophahamo ba limithara tse 8,848.86 (29,031.7 ft), e e etsa thaba e telele ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Everest e hohela bapalami, bahahlauli le bahahlauli ba tsoang lefats'eng lohle, ba tšoantšetsa phephetso le tlholo. Ntle le Everest, litlhōrō tse ling tse ikhethang li akarelletsa Kanchenjunga (limithara tse 8 586), thaba ea boraro e phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng; Lhotse (8,516 m); Makalu (8,485 m); Cho Oyu (8,188 limithara); Dhaulagiri (8,167 limithara); Manaslu (8,163 limithara); le Annapurna I (8,091 m). E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea lithaba tsena e na le pale ea eona, setso sa eona le histori ea ho hloa lithaba.
Lithaba tsa Himalaya ha se bolelele ba tsona feela; hape li halalela ho batho ba Nepal. Litlhōrō tse ngata li nkoa li halalela ’me li amahanngoa le melimo ea Bohindu le Bobuddha. Ka mohlala, Machhapuchhre, kapa “Fishtail Mountain,” e haufi le Pokhara, ho lumeloa hore e halalela ho Morena Shiva ’me e lula e sa hloeke ka lebaka la ho hlompha bohlokoa ba eona ba moea. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, Thaba ea Kailash, le hoja e le Tibet, e na le likamano tse tebileng tsa setso le tsa moea le batho ba Nepal.
Libaka tse lithaba tsa Nepal le tsona ke mohloli oa linōka tse khōlō tse kang Koshi, Gandaki le Karnali, tse tšehetsang bophelo le temo lithoteng. Lithaba tsa Himalaya li kenya letsoho hore ho be le mefuta e mengata ea lintho tse phelang naheng eo, e nang le liphoofolo tse sa tloaelehang tse kang lengau la lehloa, panda e khubelu le nonyana ea Himalaya monal, e leng nonyana ea naha ea Nepal. Bophahamo bo sa tšoaneng—ho tloha ho limithara tse 60 ka holim’a bophahamo ba leoatle Terai ho ea tlhōrōng e phahameng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ka leboea—ho hlahisa tikoloho e ikhethang sebakeng se batlang se le senyenyane.
Ho ea ka setso, lithabeng ke lehae la merabe e fapaneng e kang Sherpas, Gurungs, Tamangs le Magars, ba ikamahanyang le bophelo ba libaka tse phahameng. Li-Sherpa, haholo-holo, li tumme lefatšeng ka bophara ka tsebo ea tsona e makatsang ea ho hloa lithaba le tlatsetso ea tsona maetong a Himalaya. Metse ena e boloka meetlo, mekete le litloaelo tse ikhethang tse matlafatsang setso sa Nepal.
Bohahlauli ba Nepal bo tsamaisoa haholo ke lithaba tsa eona. Maeto a kang Everest Base Camp Trek, Annapurna Circuit, Langtang Valley Trek, le Manaslu Circuit a hohela bahahlauli ba likete selemo se seng le se seng. Lithaba ha li fane ka boithabiso feela empa li boetse li fana ka khutso, tse nang le libaka tse tsotehang, matlo a baitlami a boholo-holo le metse e metle e haufi le litselana. Ho hloa lithaba Nepal ke monyetla ebile ke phephetso, kaha batho ba hloa lithaba ba tobana le maemo a leholimo a mabe, li-avalanche le bokuli bo phahameng ha ba ntse ba phehella litoro tsa bona.
Moruong, lithaba tsa Himalaya li bohlokoa ho Nepal. Bohahlauli ba lithabeng bo fana ka mesebetsi bakeng sa batataisi, bajaki, beng ba lihotele le baahi ba bangata ba moo, bo tlatsetsang haholo moruong oa naha. Merero ea matla a metsi linōkeng tsa lithaba le eona e fana ka matla bakeng sa nts'etsopele. Leha ho le joalo, phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo e hlahile e le tšokelo e tebileng, e bakang hore leqhoa le qhibilihe, ho baka likhohola tse matla tsa glacial Lake (GLOFs), le ho fetola bophelo ba lichaba tse lithaba.
Ntle le ho ithabisa le moruo, lithaba li na le moelelo oa tšoantšetso ho batho ba Nepal. Li emela ho tiea, bomoea le boikhohomoso. Ba nkoa e le bahlokomeli ba sechaba, ba fanang ka botle ba tlhaho le ho hohela tlhokomelo ea lefats'e. Thaba ea Everest, haholo-holo, e fetohile letšoao la boitsebahatso ba Nepal lefatšeng.
Ha e le hantle, Nepal le lithaba tsa eona ha li arohane. Lithaba tse phahameng tsa Himalaya li bōpa setso sa naha, moruo, tikoloho le botumo ba lefatše. Li hohela bahahlauli ba batlang phephetso, baeti ba batlang bomoea le baeti ba batlang botle. Ho sa tsotellehe mekhoa ea morao-rao, lithaba li ntse li le teng ka nako e telele—lipaki tse khutsitseng, tse hlollang le tsa ka ho sa feleng tsa leeto la Nepal historing.
Hoetla (September-November) le selemo (March-May) ke Linako tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa ho etela Nepal. U tla lumelisoa ke leholimo le hlakileng le moea o pholileng ka linako tsena tsa selemo. Litsela tsa ho tsamaea hangata li omme ntle le marotholi a seng makae a sa lebelloang. Hape ho na le menyetla e fokolang ea ho lieha ha sefofane le ho hlakoloa, kahoo o ka natefeloa ke nako ea hau u le Nepal ntle le ho tšoenyeha. Leha ho le joalo, tsena ke linako tse phahameng tsa bahahlauli, ka hona, mohlomong u tla kopana le sephethephethe se sengata, haholo libakeng tse kholo tsa bahahlauli.
Ho tsamaea ka maoto mariha libakeng tse phahameng ha ho kgothaletswe ka lebaka la kotsi ya ho kgephoha ha lehlwa le ho kula ha dithaba. Le hoja ba bang ba ka thabela ho bona dithaba tse kwahetsweng ke lehlwa ha ba fihla moo ba yang teng. Monsoon (Motsheanong-Phato) ke e nngwe ya dinako tse mpe ka ho fetisisa tsa ho hloa lithaba ka lebaka la pula e matla, ho hlakolwa ha difofane kgafetsa, le ditsela tse thellang tsa ho hloa lithaba, tse sebetsang e le kotsi ya maeto. Leha ho le jwalo, o ka hloa lithaba ho ya dibakeng tse kang Upper Dolpo, Lower Dolpo, le Upper Mustang (lo-Manthang) nakong ya dipula tsa monsoon.
Trekking ke eng?
Ho hloa lithaba ke mofuta oa leeto la ho tsamaea ka maoto le lebe le etsoang ka maoto, hangata ka matsatsi a mangata, libakeng tsa tlhaho tse kang lithaba, meru, likhohlo le metse ea mahaeng. Ho fapana le ho hloa lithaba feela, e leng mosebetsi o mokhutšoanyane oa letsatsi le le leng, ho hloa lithaba ho kenyelletsa litsela tse telele, libaka tse fapaneng, ho robala bosiu bohle, le ho teba ka botebo setsong le tlhahong. Ke e 'ngoe ea mesebetsi e tsebahalang haholo ea kantle Nepal le libakeng tse ling tse lithaba tsa lefats'e.
Mona ke tlhaloso e qaqileng ea trekking:
1. Moelelo oa Ho Tsamaea
Lentsoe " trekking" hangata le bolela maeto a ho tsamaea ka maoto a matsatsi a mangata libakeng tseo lipalangoang tsa sejoale-joale li sa fumaneheng habonolo.
Ha se feela ho tsamaea empa hape le ho bona tikoloho ea lehae, libaka le mekhoa ea bophelo tseleng.
Hangata batho ba tsamaeang ka maoto ba feta metseng, merung, linōkeng le makhalong a phahameng ba ntse ba natefeloa ke pono e hlollang ea lithaba.
2. Phapang pakeng tsa ho Trekking le Ho Hiking
Hangata ho hloa lithaba ke leeto le lekhutšoanyane le bonolo la ho tsamaea (lihora tse 'maloa kapa letsatsi le le leng) litseleng tse nang le matšoao a matle.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho hloa lithaba ho thata haholoanyane, ho nka matsatsi kapa libeke tse 'maloa,' me hangata ho kenyelletsa litsela tse mpe, tse hole le tse phahameng.
3. Sepheo sa ho Tsamaea
Boithabiso: Ho hlahloba libaka tse hole le tse hlaha.
Tlhaho: Ho bona lithaba, linoka, meru le liphoofolo tse hlaha.
Setso: Ho kopana le batho ba moo, ho ithuta ka meetlo ea bona, le ho ba le phihlelo ea bophelo ba mahaeng.
Bophelo bo Botle le Boikoetliso: Ho hloa lithaba ke boikoetliso bo botle ba 'mele, bo ntlafatsang matla le mamello.
Khotso ea Moea le ea Kelello: Bahahlauli ba bangata ba fumana khutso le ho ela hloko tlhahong.
4. Se Akarelletsoang ho Tsamaea
Litsela tsa ho Tsamaea: Hangata lihora tse 4-8 tsa ho tsamaea ka maoto ka letsatsi libakeng tse fapaneng tse kang litsela tse majoe, meru le ho hloa lithaba tse phahameng.
Bolulo: Ho robala bosiu matlong a tee, matlong a baeti, kapa litenteng, ho latela sebaka seo batho ba tsamaeang ho sona.
Lijo: Lijo tsa lehae, tseo hangata li leng bonolo empa li na le phepo, li fanoa tseleng.
Batataisi le Bajari ba Likepe: Libakeng tse kang Nepal, batataisi ba litsebi ba etella pele bajari ba likepe, 'me bajari ba likepe ba thusa ho jara meroalo e boima.
Bophahamo: Maeto a mangata a ea libakeng tse phahameng, ka linako tse ling a le kaholimo ho limithara tse 5,000 (16,400 ft), moo bahahlauli ba hlokang ho tloaelana le maemo ho qoba ho kula ha libaka tse phahameng.
5. Mefuta ea ho Tsamaea
Ho Tsamaea ka Tee House: Ho lula matlong a manyane a baeti/matlong a baeti tseleng (e tloaelehileng Nepal).
Ho Hloma Litente: Ho Hloma Litente ka Litente, Baapehi le Lisebelisoa tse Felletseng tsa ho Hloma Litente libakeng tse hole.
Ho Tsamaea ka Maeto a Hao: Ho lula matlong a lehae ho latsoa bophelo ba 'nete ba metseng.
Ho hloa lithaba ka mokhoa oa leeto: Maeto a tekheniki a mangata a kenyeletsang likarolo tsa ho hloa lithaba.
6. Ho tsamaea ka maoto Nepal (mohlala)
Nepal ke e 'ngoe ea libaka tse holimo lefatšeng tsa ho hahlaula, ka litsela tse kang Everest Base Camp, Annapurna Circuit, Langtang Valley le Manaslu Circuit.
Ho tsamaea mona ho kopanya lipono tse makatsang tsa Himalaya le likopano tse ruileng tsa setso, kaha litselana hangata li feta metseng ea Sherpa, Gurung, Tamang le merabe e meng.
Bahahlauli ha ba bone litlhōrō tse apesitsoeng ke lehloa feela empa ba bona le matlo a baitlami, litempele, masimo le mekhoa ea bophelo ea setso.
7. Mathata a ho Tsamaea
Ho kula ha bophahamo libakeng tse phahameng.
Litlhoko tsa 'mele , kaha ho hloa lithaba ho hloka boikoetliso bo botle le mamello.
Liphetoho tsa boemo ba leholimo , tse ka etsang hore litsela li thelle kapa li be thata.
Meaho e fokolang libakeng tse hole.
8. Melemo ea ho Tsamaea
E ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba 'mele (matla, mamello, ho ikoetlisa ha pelo le methapo ea mali).
E fana ka phomolo ea kelello le phomolo ea khatello ea maikutlo.
E fana ka kutlwisiso ea setso le kamano le batho ba moo.
E hlahisa mehopolo ea bophelo bohle ka maikutlo a tlhaho a makatsang.
E khothalletsa moea oa boithabiso le kholo ea botho.
Lintlha-khōlō tsa Sehla:
1. Selemo:
Nako ea selemo e qala ho tloha ka Hlakubele ho isa Mots'eanong Nepal. Thempereichara e ka ba 22℃ +- ka lipula tse fokolang bosiu le leholimo le hlakileng hoseng. Ena ke nako ea lithunthung tse ncha le mefuta eohle ea lithunthung.
O ka natefeloa ke mesebetsi e mengata e kang ho phaphamala ka paragliding , bungee, ho palama ka sekepe, ho hloa lithaba nakong ea selemo, 'me leeto ke nako e ntle ka ho fetisisa. Mebala e fapaneng ea lipalesa tsa Rhododendron e thunya ka botle bo khahlehang sebakeng se phahameng sa maralla e tla u siea u khahliloe. Hape ke e 'ngoe ea linako tse kholo tsa bahahlauli Nepal. Ena hape ke qalo ea mekete Nepal.
2. Lehlabula:
Lehlabula le qala ho tloha ka Phuptjane ho isa Phato Nepal, 'me mocheso ke 30℃ +-. Ke nako ea lipula tsa litloebelele Nepal, ’me haholo-holo ke nako ea temo ea poone le raese.
Lihoai tsa paddy ke tsona tse hohelang haholo nakong ena ea selemo. Ashad 15 ke letsatsi la temo ea raese naheng ea Nepal, e nang le pono e khahlang ea maralla a tlokomang le a matala, liphororo tse kholo tse hlatsoitsoeng ke metsi a pula, li monate ho li sheba.
3. Hoetla:
Hoetla ho qala ka Loetse ho isa Pulungoana ka mocheso ho tloha ho 10℃ ho isa ho 25℃ +-. Ke nako e monate ea ho keteka mekete e meholohali ea Mahindu, Dashain le Tihar (mokete oa Leseli).
Nakong ea hoetla ke nako ea kotulo ea paddy, 'me tlhaho e butsoa ka 'mala o mosehla. Hoetla ke nako e ntle ka ho fetisisa ka mor'a hore pula ea monsoon e hlatsoe tikoloho eohle. U ka natefeloa ke pono e hlakileng ea lithaba nakong ena. Ke nako ea tlhōrō ea maeto Nepal, moo leholimo le hlakileng le le leputsoa, 'me boemo ba leholimo bo nepahetse bakeng sa mesebetsi ea mefuta eohle.
4. Mariha:
Naleli e batang ea mariha ho tloha ka Tšitoe ho isa Hlakola naheng ea Nepal, 'me mocheso o theohela ka tlase ho 0℃. Ke nako ea komello e nang le lithaba tse se nang letho. Midwinter e fana ka pono e hlakileng ka ho fetisisa ea lithaba tse koahetsoeng ke lehloa tse koahetsoeng ke lehloa le lesoeu li shebahala li makatsa. Empa mocheso sebakeng se phahameng o tlaase haholo ’me baeti ba ’maloa, esita le batho ba bang ba thaba, ba fihla boemong bo tlaase ba naha.
Nepal e boetse e bitsoa naha ea mekete e sa khaotseng. Haeba u rera ho etela Nepal nakong ea Keresemese ea Tšitoe, u ka rera leeto la ho ea phuleng ea Kathmandu, haholo-holo Thamel, kapa Pokhara (lebopong la letša). Kapa, u ka etsa maeto a makhutšoanyane joalo ka leeto la motse oa Ghandruk , leeto la Ghorepani (Poonhill), leeto la Namche Bazaar (Syngboche). Kapa, maeto a makhutšoanyane le a bonolo joalo ka leeto la Chisapani Nagarkot , ho potoloha Phula ea Kathmandu. Ntle le moo, haeba u khona ho mamella serame se feteletseng, lithaba tsa Nepal li lula li u bitsa.
